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Author Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. url  openurl
  Title (up) NbN hot electron bolometric mixers at frequencies between 0.7 and 3.1 THz Type Conference Article
  Year 1999 Publication Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 238-246  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract The performance of NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.7-3.1 THz frequency range. The devices are made from a 3.5-4 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The length of the bolometer microbridge is 0.1- 0.2 gm, the width is 1-2 gm. The best results of the DSB receiver noise temperature measured at 1.5 GHz intermediate frequency are: 800 K at 0.7 THz, 1100 K at 1.6 THz, 2000 K at 2.5 THz and 4200 K at 3.1 THz. The measurements were performed with a far infrared laser as the local oscillator (LO) source. The estimated LO power required is less than 500 nW at the receiver input. First results on the spiral antenna polarization measurements are reported.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1575  
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Author Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. doi  openurl
  Title (up) NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages 962-965  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 312  
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Author Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Okunev, O. V.; Dzardanov, A. L.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) NbN hot electron superconducting mixers for 100 GHz operation Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume 5 Issue 2 Pages 3065-3068  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract NbN is a promising superconducting material for hot-electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth larger than 1 GHz. In the 1OO GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for 50 /spl Aring/ thick NbN films at 4.2 K: receiver noise temperature (DSB) /spl sim/1000 K; conversion loss /spl sim/10 dB; IF bandwidth /spl sim/1 GHz; and local oscillator power /spl sim/1 /spl mu/W. An increase of the critical current of the NbN film, increased working temperature, and a better mixer matching may allow a broader IF bandwidth up to 2 GHz, reduced conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and a receiver noise temperature (DSB) down to 200-300 K.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes About LO power required Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 255  
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Author 0kunev, 0.; Dzardanov, A.; Ekstrom, H.; Jacobsson, S.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. url  openurl
  Title (up) NbN hot electron waveguide mixer for 100 GHz operation Type Conference Article
  Year 1994 Publication Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 214-224  
  Keywords waveguide NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract NbN is a promising superconducting material used to develope hot- electron superconducting mixers with an IF bandwidth over 1 GHz. In the 100 GHz frequency range, the following parameters were obtained for NbN films 50 A thick: the noise temperature of the receiver (DSB) 1000 K; the conversion losses 10 d13, the IF bandwidth 1 GHz; the local oscillator power 1 /LW. An increase of NbN film thickness up to 80-100 A and increase of working temperature up to 7-8 K, and a better mixer matching may allow to broader the IF band up to 3 Gllz, to reduce the conversion losses down to 3-5 dB and the noise tempera- ture down to 200-300 K.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1644  
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Author Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E. url  openurl
  Title (up) NbN quasioptical phonon cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at THz frequencies Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 405-408  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract  
  Address Veldhoven  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Bristol Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0951-3248 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference 3rd Eur. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1600  
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Author Merkel, H. F.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Kollberg, E. L.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Noise temperature and absorbed LO power measurement methods for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf.  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 294-299  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract In this paper the absorbed LO power requirements and the noise performance of NbN based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers are investigated for RF frequencies in the 0.55-1.1 range The minimal measured DSB noise temperatures are about 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The increase in noise temperature at 1.1THz is attributed to water absorption. The absorbed LO power is measured using a calorimetric approach. The results are subsequently corrected for lattice heating. These values are compared to results of a novel one dimensional hot spot mixer models and to a more traditional isotherm method which tends to underestimate the absorbed LO power for small bias powers. Typically a LO power between 50nW and 100nW is needed to pump the device to the optimal operating point.  
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  Area Expedition Conference 28th European Microwave Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1580  
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Author Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Noise temperature and local oscillator power requirement of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 73 Issue 19 Pages 2814-2816  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature, local oscillator power  
  Abstract In this letter, the noise performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55–1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the double-sideband <cd><2018>DSB<cd><2019> noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz, and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes significant contribution to the measured receiver noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The devices are made from 3-nm-thick NbN film on high-resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are typically 0.2Ï«2 um. The amount of local oscillator power absorbed in the bolometer is less than 100 nW.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 911  
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Khosropanah, P.; Berg, T.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Drakinskiy, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. url  openurl
  Title (up) Optimization of HEB mixer for the Herschel Space Observatory Type Abstract
  Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 16  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract A mixer development for the HIFI instrument of the Herschel Space Observatory has come to the final stage. In our paper and conference presentation we will describe the most important details of the Band 6 Low and High Mixer Unit design. Special attention will be given to the optimization of the hot- electron bolometer mixer chip, which is based on 3.5nm NbN superconducting film on silicon. As the HEB’s local oscillator power requirements depend on the bolometer size, we have compared mixer noise temperature for different bolometer width- to- length ratio. A trade- off between mixer performance and local oscillator power requirements results in the mixer units equipped with optimized mixer chips, providing the largest coverage of the Band6 RF band with the lowest possible receiver noise. A short account of the beam pattern measurements of Band6 mixers will be given as well.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1490  
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Author Uzawa, Y.; Miki, S.; Wang, Z.; Kawakami, A.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Kollberg, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Performance of a quasi-optical NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Superconductor Science and Technology Abbreviated Journal Supercond. Sci. Technol.  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 141-145  
  Keywords HEB, mixer  
  Abstract  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0953-2048 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ s @ Serial 548  
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Author Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title (up) Performance of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer at Terahertz frequencies Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron.  
  Volume Issue Pages 149-152  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The results of the DSB noire temperature are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 TBz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The RF bandwidth of the receiver is at least 2.5 THz. The amount of LO power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain is measured to be -9 dB, the total conversion gain -14 dB.  
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  Area Expedition Conference IEEE Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics Proceedings. THZ 98. (Cat. No.98EX171)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1582  
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