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Hartogh, P.; Jarchow, C.; Lellouch, E.; de Val-Borro, M.; Rengel, M.; Moreno, R.; Medvedev, A. S.; Sagawa, H.; Swinyard, B. M.; Cavalié, T.; Lis, D. C.; BłÄ™cka, M. I.; Banaszkiewicz, M.; Bockelée-Morvan, D.; Crovisier, J.; Encrenaz, T.; Küppers, M.; Lara, L.-M.; Szutowicz, S.; Vandenbussche, B.; Bensch, F.; Bergin, E. A.; Billebaud, F.; Biver, N.; Blake, G. A.; Blommaert, J. A. D. L.; Cernicharo, J.; Decin, L.; Encrenaz, P.; Feuchtgruber, H.; Fulton, T.; de Graauw, T.; Jehin, E.; Kidger, M.; Lorente, R.; Naylor, D. A.; Portyankina, G.; Sánchez-Portal, M.; Schieder, R.; Sidher, S.; Thomas, N.; Verdugo, E.; Waelkens, C.; Whyborn, N.; Teyssier, D.; Helmich, F.; Roelfsema, P.; Stutzki, J.; LeDuc, H. G.; Stern, J. A. |
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Herschel/HIFI observations of Mars: First detection of O2 at submillimetre wavelengths and upper limits on HCl and H2O2 |
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2010 |
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Astron. Astrophys. |
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521 |
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L49 |
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HEB mixer applications, HIFI, Herschel, planets and satellites: atmospheres / radiative transfer / submillimeter: general / molecular processes |
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We report on an initial analysis of Herschel/HIFI observations of hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and molecular oxygen (O2) in the Martian atmosphere performed on 13 and 16 April 2010 (Ls ~ 77°). We derived a constant volume mixing ratio of 1400 ± 120 ppm for O2 and determined upper limits of 200 ppt for HCl and 2 ppb for H2O2. Radiative transfer model calculations indicate that the vertical profile of O2 may not be constant. Photochemical models determine the lowest values of H2O2 to be around Ls ~ 75° but overestimate the volume mixing ratio compared to our measurements. |
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1093 |
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Lobanov, Yury; Shcherbatenko, Michael; Shurakov, Alexander; Rodin, Alexander V.; Klimchuk, Artem; Nadezhdinsky, Alexander I.; Maslennikov, Sergey; Larionov, Pavel; Finkel, Matvey; Semenov, Alexander; Verevkin, Aleksandr A.; Voronov, Boris M.; Ponurovsky, Yakov; Klapwijk, Teunis M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. |
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Heterodyne detection at near-infrared wavelengths with a superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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2014 |
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Opt. Lett. |
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39 |
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6 |
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1429-1432 |
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HEB, zebra, IR, infrared |
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We report on the development of a highly sensitive optical receiver for heterodyne IR spectroscopy at the communication wavelength of 1.5 μm (200 THz) by use of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer. The results are important for the resolution of narrow spectral molecular lines in the near-IR range for the study of astronomical objects, as well as for quantum optical tomography and fiber-optic sensing. Receiver configuration as well as fiber-to-detector light coupling designs are discussed. Light absorption of the superconducting detectors was enhanced by nano-optical antennas, which were coupled to optical fibers. An intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of about 3 GHz was found in agreement with measurements at 300 GHz, and a noise figure of about 25 dB was obtained that was only 10 dB above the quantum limit. |
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906 |
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Mandel, L. |
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Heterodyne detection of a weak light beam |
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1966 |
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J. Opt. Society of America |
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56 |
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9 |
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1200-1206 |
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detection, lasers, coherence |
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An analysis is made of the problem of detecting a weak light beam from a distant source in the presence of a background of much greater intensity, by the photoelectric heterodyne technique. In this method the incident light is superposed on the light beam from a local laser, whose frequency can be adjusted by a feedback arrangement so as to maximize a certain “beat note” in the output of the detector. With the aid of plausible assumptions it is shown that the effectiveness of the method is largely independent of the intensity of the background light, and of the fluctuation properties of the incident light. The key parameter is the number of photoelectrons released by the signal beam in a time comparable with its coherence time. |
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From [RpL 938] |
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1071 |
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Betz, A. L.; Johnson, M. A.; McLaren, R. A.; Sutton, E. C. |
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Heterodyne detection of CO2 emission lines and wind velocities in the atmosphere of Venus |
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1976 |
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Astrophys. J. |
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208 |
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L141-L144 |
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carbon dioxide, emission spectra, optical heterodyning, planetary radiation, venus atmosphere, wind velocity, doppler effect, infrared radiation, ultraviolet radiation, venus clouds |
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455 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk, K. F.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Syomash, V. D.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
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Heterodyne detection of THz radiation with a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer |
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1996 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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69 |
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2 |
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260-262 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We report on the use of a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer for heterodyne detection of terahertz radiation. Radiation with a wavelength of 119 μm was coupled to the mixer, a NbN microbridge, by a hybrid quasioptical antenna consisting of an extended hyperhemispherical lens and a planar logarithmic spiral antenna. We found, at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz, a system double side band noise temperature of ≊40 000 K and conversion losses of 25 dB. We also discuss the possibilities of further improvement of the mixer performance. |
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0003-6951 |
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