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Anant, Vikas; Kerman, Andrew J.; Dauler, Eric A.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Rosfjord, Krist.ine M.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Optical properties of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
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2008 |
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Optics Express |
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Opt. Express |
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16 |
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14 |
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10750 |
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1094-4087 |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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413 |
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Rabanus, D.; Graf, U. U.; Philipp, M.; Ricken, O.; Stutzki, J.; Vowinkel, B.; Wiedner, M. C.; Walther, C.; Fischer, M.; Faist, J. |
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Title |
Phase locking of a 1.5 terahertz quantum cascade laser and use as a local oscillator in a heterodyne HEB receiver |
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2009 |
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Optics Express |
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17 |
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3 |
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1159-1168 |
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QCL heterodyne, 300 uW at 1.5 THz, HEB mixer |
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We demonstrate for the first time the closure of an electronic phase lock loop for a continuous–wave quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 1.5 THz. The QCL is operated in a closed cycle cryo cooler. We achieved a frequency stability of better than 100 Hz, limited by the resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyser. The PLL electronics make use of the intermediate frequency (IF) obtained from a hot electron bolometer (HEB) which is downconverted to a PLL IF of 125 MHz. The coarse selection of the longitudinal mode and the fine tuning is achieved via the bias voltage of the QCL. Within a QCL cavity mode, the free-running QCL shows frequency fluctuations of about 5 MHz, which the PLL circuit is able to control via the Stark–shift of the QCL gain material. Temperature dependent tuning is shown to be nonlinear, and of the order of -16 MHz/K. Additionally we have used the QCL as local oscillator (LO) to pump an HEB and perform, again for the first time at 1.5 THz, a heterodyne experiment, and obtain a receiver noise temperature of 1741 K. |
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628 |
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Huang, Kevin C. Y.; Jun, Young Chul; Seo, Min-Kyo; Brongersma, Mark L. |
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Title |
Power flow from a dipole emitter near an optical antenna |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Optics Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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19 |
Issue |
20 |
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19084-19092 |
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Keywords |
optical antennas |
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Current methods to calculate the emission enhancement of a quantum emitter coupled to an optical antenna of arbitrary geometry rely on analyzing the total Poynting vector power flow out of the emitter or the dyadic Green functions from full-field numerical simulations. Unfortunately, these methods do not provide information regarding the nature of the dominant energy decay pathways. We present a new approach that allows for a rigorous separation, quantification, and visualization of the emitter output power flow captured by an antenna and the subsequent reradiation power flow to the far field. Such analysis reveals unprecedented details of the emitter/antenna coupling mechanisms and thus opens up new design strategies for strongly interacting emitter/antenna systems used in sensing, active plasmonics and metamaterials, and quantum optics. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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743 |
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Hu, Xiaolong; Dauler, Eric A.; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. |
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Title |
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors integrated with optical nano-antennae |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Optics Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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19 |
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1 |
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17-31 |
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optical antennas |
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Optical nano-antennae have been integrated with semiconductor lasers to intensify light at the nanoscale and photodiodes to enhance photocurrent. In quantum optics, plasmonic metal structures have been used to enhance nonclassical light emission from single quantum dots. Absorption and detection of single photons from free space could also be enhanced by nanometallic antennae, but this has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we use nano-optical transmission effects in a one-dimensional gold structure, combined with optical cavity resonance, to form optical nano-antennae, which are further used to couple single photons from free space into a 80-nm-wide superconducting nanowire. This antenna-assisted coupling enables a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with 47% device efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm and 9-μm-by-9-μm active area while maintaining a reset time of only 5 ns. We demonstrate nanoscale antenna-like structures to achieve exceptional efficiency and speed in single-photon detection. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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745 |
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Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Pavlov, S.; Semenov, A.; Köhler, R.; Mahler, L.; Tredicucci, A.; Beere, H.; Ritchie, D.; Linfield, E. |
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Title |
Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
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13 |
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15 |
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5890-5896 |
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QCL heterodyne, 6 mW at 2.5 THz, HEB mixer, terahertz |
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Terahertz quantum cascade lasers have been investigated with respect to their performance as a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. The beam profile has been measured and transformed in to a close to Gaussian profile resulting in a good matching between the field patterns of the quantum cascade laser and the antenna of a superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer. Noise temperature measurements with the hot electron bolometer and a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator. |
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627 |
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