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Kawamura, J., Blundell, R., Tong, C. - Y. E., Golts'man, G., Gershenzon, E., & Voronov B. (1996). Superconductive NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer performance at 250 GHz. In Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 331–336).
Abstract: Thin film NbN (<40 A) strips are used as waveguide mixer elements. The electron cooling mechanism for the geometry is the electron-phonon interaction. We report a receiver noise temperature of 750 K at 244 GHz, with / IF = 1.5 GHz, Af= 500 MHz, and Tphysical = 4 K. The instantaneous bandwidth for this mixer is 1.6 GHz. The local oscillator (LO) power is 0.5 1.tW with 3 dB-uncertainty. The mixer is linear to 1 dB up to an input power level 6 dB below the LO power. We report the first detection of a molecular line emission using this class of mixer, and that the receiver noise temperature determined from Y-factor measurements reflects the true heterodyne sensitivity.
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Kawamura, J., Blundell, R., Tong, C. - Y. E., Papa, D. C., Hunter, T. R., Paine, S. N., et al. (2000). Superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver for 800-GHz operation. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 48(4), 683–689.
Abstract: In this paper, we describe a superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver designed to operate in the partially transmissive 350-μm atmospheric window. The receiver employs an NbN thin-film microbridge as the mixer element, in which the main cooling mechanism of the hot electrons is through electron-phonon interaction. At a local-oscillator frequency of 808 GHz, the measured double-sideband receiver noise temperature is TRX=970 K, across a 1-GHz intermediate-frequency bandwidth centered at 1.8 GHz. We have measured the linearity of the receiver and the amount of local-oscillator power incident on the mixer for optimal operation, which is PLO≈1 μW. This receiver was used in making observations as a facility instrument at the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, Mt. Graham, AZ, during the 1998-1999 winter observing season.
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Kawamura, J., Blundell, R., Tong, C. - Y. E., Papa, D. C., Hunter, T. R., Paine, St. N., et al. (2000). Superconductive hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for 800 GHz operation (Vol. 48).
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Gershenzon, E. M., Gol'tsman, G. N., Dzardanov, A. L., & Kuznetsov, E. A. (1992). Superconducting UHF-limiter based on electron heating up. Sverkhprovodimost': Fizika, Khimiya, Tekhnika, 5(11), 2164–2170.
Abstract: The results of experimental investigation of fast-action 5HF-limiter are presented; the limiter is based on the utilization of electron hetaing phenomenon in thin superconducting films. The design of SHF-limiter, which is intended for operation at liquid helium temperatures and which has the form of a section of superconducting NbN microstrip line for 1-12 GHz rang, is described.
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Goltsman, G. (2017). Superconducting thin film nanostructures as terahertz and infrared heterodyne and direct detectors. In 16th ISEC (Th-I-QTE-03 (1 to 3)).
Abstract: We present our recent achievements in the development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with optical waveguides on a chip. We demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 90% on-chipquantum-efficiency (OCDE), and the heterodyne mixing with a close to the quantum limit sensitivity at the telecommunication wavelength using single device.
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