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Author Trifonov, Andrey; Tong, C. Edward; Lobanov, Yury; Kaurova, Natalia; Blundell, Raymond; Gol’tsman, Gregory
Title (down) An investigation of the DC and IF performance of silicon-membrane HEB mixer elements Type Conference Article
Year 2015 Publication Proc. 26th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 26th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 40
Keywords silicon-membrane HEB waveguide mixer
Abstract We report on our initial development towards a 2x2 multi-pixel HEB waveguide mixer for operation at 1.4 THz. We have successfully fabricated devices comprising an NbN bridge integrated with antenna test structure using a silicon membrane as the supporting substrate. DC measurements of the test chips demonstrate critical current from 0.1 – 1mA depending on the size of device, with T c of around 10 K and ΔTc ~ 0.8 K.
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Call Number Serial 1160
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Author Смирнов, К. В.
Title (down) AlGaAs/GaAs смеситель на эффекте разогрева двумерных электронов для тепловизора субмиллиметрового диапазона Type Abstract
Year 2003 Publication Тезисы докладов VI Российской конференции по физике полупроводников Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 181
Keywords 2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures, mixer
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Address ФТИ им. А. Ф. Иоффе, Санк-Петербург
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Area Expedition Conference VI Российской конференции по физике полупроводников (27-31 октября)
Notes Unconfirmed; Сама конференция, однако, была -- её упоминают: [http://www.nsc.ru/HBC/article.phtml?nid=271&id=17], [https://www.isp.nsc.ru/institut/nauchnye-podrazdeleniya/lab-20/publikatsii/2003], [http://www.ioffe.ru/sem_tech/sem%5Fteh%5Fmovpe%5Fpublications%5Fru.htm#R2003], [https://istina.ips.ac.ru/collections/828771/] Approved no
Call Number Serial 1837
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Author Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Lipatov, A. P.; Pearlman, A. J.; Cross, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A. A.; Sobolewski, R.
Title (down) Advanced nanostructured optical NbN single-photon detector operated at 2.0 K Type Conference Article
Year 2005 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 5732 Issue Pages 520-529
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract We present our studies on quantum efficiency (QE), dark counts, and noise equivalent power (NEP) of the latest generation of nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) operated at 2.0 K. Our SSPDs are based on 4 nm-thick NbN films, patterned by electron beam lithography as highly-uniform 100÷120-nm-wide meander-shaped stripes, covering the total area of 10x10 μm2 with the meander filling factor of 0.7. Advances in the fabrication process and low-temperature operation lead to QE as high as  30-40% for visible-light photons (0.56 μm wavelength)-the saturation value, limited by optical absorption of the NbN film. For 1.55 μm photons, QE was  20% and decreased exponentially with the wavelength reaching  0.02% at the 5-μm wavelength. Being operated at 2.0-K temperature the SSPDs revealed an exponential decrease of the dark count rate, what along with the high QE, resulted in the NEP as low as 5x10-21 W/Hz-1/2, the lowest value ever reported for near-infrared optical detectors. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 1 GHz with the pulse-to-pulse jitter below 20 ps. Our nanostructured NbN SSPDs operated at 2.0 K significantly outperform their semiconducting counterparts and find practical applications ranging from noninvasive testing of CMOS VLSI integrated circuits to ultrafast quantum communications and quantum cryptography.
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Publisher Spie Place of Publication Editor Razeghi, M.; Brown, G.J.
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Area Expedition Conference Quantum Sensing and Nanophotonic Devices II
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1478
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Author Elezov, M. S.; Scherbatenko, M. L.; Sych, D. V.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title (down) Active and passive phase stabilization for the all-fiber Michelson interferometer Type Conference Article
Year 2018 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
Volume 1124 Issue Pages 051014 (1 to 5)
Keywords Michelson interferometer, phase stabilization
Abstract We put forward two methods for phase stabilization in the all-fiber Michelson interferometer. To perform passive phase stabilization, we use a heat bath for all fibers and electro-optical components, and put the interferometer in a hermetic case. To perform active phase stabilization, we monitor output power of the interferometer and develop an electronic feedback control. The phase stabilization methods enable stable interference pattern for several minutes, and can be helpful for the development of the optimal quantum receiver for coherent signals.
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ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1299
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Author Dauler, E. A.; Kerman, A. J.; Robinson, B. S.; Yang, J. K. W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Berggren, K. K.
Title (down) Achieving high counting rates in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
Year 2006 Publication CLEO/QELS Abbreviated Journal CLEO/QELS
Volume Issue Pages JTuD3 (1 to 2)
Keywords SSPD; SNSPD; Detectors; Photodetectors; Quantum optics; Quantum detectors; Photon counting; Photons; Pulse shaping; Quantum communications; Single photon detectors; Superconductors
Abstract Kinetic inductance is determined to be the primary limitation to the counting rate of superconducting nanowire single-photon counters. Approaches for overcoming this limitation will be discussed.
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Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor
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Area Expedition Conference Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference and Photonic Applications Systems Technologies
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Call Number Serial 1451
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Author Seliverstov, Sergey V.; Rusova, Anastasia A.; Kaurova, Natalya S.; Voronov, Boris M.; Goltsman, Gregory N.
Title (down) AC-biased superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer for frequency-domain multiplexing Type Conference Article
Year 2017 Publication Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 28th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 120-122
Keywords NbN HEB mixer
Abstract We present the results of characterization of fast and sensitive superconducting antenna-coupled THz direct detector based on NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) with AC-bias. We discuss the possibility of implementation of the AC-bias for design the readout system from the multi-element arrays of HEBs using standard technique of frequency-domain multiplexing. We demonstrate experimentally that this approach does not lead to significant deterioration of the HEB sensitivity compared with the value obtained for the same detector with DC- bias. Results of a numerical calculations of the HEB responsivity at AC-bias are in a good agreement with the experiment.
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Call Number Serial 1174
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Author Tretyakov, Ivan; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N.
Title (down) About effect of the temperature operating conditions on the noise temperature and noise bandwidth of the terahertz range NbN hot-electron bolometers Type Abstract
Year 2018 Publication Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 29th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 113
Keywords NbN HEB mixer
Abstract Results of an experimental study of the noise temperature (Tn) and noise bandwidth (NBW) of the superconductor NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer as a function of its temperature (Tb) and NbN bridge length are presented. It was determined that the NBW of the mixer is significantly wider at temperatures close to the critical ones (Tc) than are values measured at 4.2 K. The NBW of the mixer measured at the heterodyne frequency of 2.5 THz at temperature Tb close to Tc was ~13 GHz, as compared with 6 GHz at Tb = 4.2 K. This experiment clearly demonstrates the limitation of the thermal flow from the NbN bridge at Tb ≪ Tc for mixers manufactured by the in situ technique. This limitation is close in its nature to the Andreev reflection on the superconductor/metal boundary. In this case, the noise temperature of the studied mixer increased from 1100 to 3800 K.
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Call Number Serial 1313
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Author Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R.; Wilsher, K.; Lo, W.; Okunev, O.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Chulkova, G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title (down) A superconducting single-photon detector for CMOS IC probing Type Conference Article
Year 2003 Publication Proc. 16-th LEOS Abbreviated Journal Proc. 16-th LEOS
Volume 2 Issue Pages 602-603
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract In this paper, a novel, time-resolved, NbN-based, superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) has been developed for probing CMOS integrated circuits (ICs) using photon emission timing analysis (PETA).
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Area Expedition Conference The 16th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2003. LEOS 2003.
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1510
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Author Lobanov, Y.; Tong, C.; Blundell, R.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title (down) A study of direct detection effect on the linearity of hot electron bolometer mixers Type Conference Article
Year 2009 Publication Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 20th ISSTT
Volume Issue Pages 282-287
Keywords HEB mixer, direct detection effect
Abstract We have performed a study of how direct detection affects the linearity and hence the calibration of an HEB mixer. Two types of waveguide HEB devices have been used: a 0.8 THz HEB mixer and a 1.0 THz HEB mixer which is ~5 times smaller than the former. Two independent experimental approaches were used. In the ΔG/G method, the conversion gain of the HEB mixer is first measured as a function of the bias current for a number of bias voltages. At each bias setting, we carefully measure the change in the operating current when the input loads are switched. From the measured data, we can derive the expected difference in gain between the hot and cold loads. In the second method (injection method [1]), the linearity of the HEB mixer is independently measured by injecting a modulated signal for different input load temperatures. The results of both approaches confirm that there is gain compression in the operation of HEB mixers. Based on the results of our measurements, we discuss the impact of direct detection effects on the operation of HEB mixers.
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Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 724
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Author Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Cheuk-yu E.; Blundell, Raymond; Gol’tsman, Gregory
Title (down) A microwave pumped HEB direct detector using a homodyne readout scheme Type Abstract
Year 2014 Publication Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 25th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 129
Keywords waveguide NbN HEB detector, NEP
Abstract We report the results of our study on the noise performance of a fast THz detector based on the repurpose of hot electron bolometer mixer (HEB). Instead of operating with an elevated bath temperature, microwave power is injected into the HEB device, which enhances the sensitivity of the detector and at the same time provide a mechanism for reading out impedance changes of the device induced by the modulated incident THz radiation [1]. We have demonstrated an improvement of the detector’s optical noise equivalent power (NEP). Furthermore, by introducing a homodyne readout scheme based on a room temperature microwave mixer, the dynamic range of the detector is increased. The HEB devices used in this work were made of 4 nm thick NbN film. The detector chips were installed into a waveguide mixer block fitted with a corrugated horn, mounted on the cold plate of a liquid helium cryostat. The HEBs were operated at a bath temperature of 4.2 K. The signal beam was terminated on black bodies at ambient and liquid nitrogen temperatures. A chopper wheel placed in front of the cryostat window operating at a frequency of 1.48 kHz modulated the input load temperature of the detector. A cold mesh filter, centered at 830 GHz, was used to define the input signal power bandwidth. Microwave was injected through a broadband directional coupler inside the cryostat. Our experiments were mostly conducted at a pump frequency of 1.5 GHz. The reflected microwave power from the HEB device was fed into a cryogenic low noise amplifier (LNA). The output of the LNA was connected to the RF input port of a room temperature microwave mixer, which beat the reflected signal from the HEB using a copy of the original 1.5 GHz injection signal in a homodyne demodulation scheme. The amplitude of the detected power was measured by a lock-in amplifier, which was synchronized to the chopper frequency. Preliminary results yield an optical NEP of ~1 pW/ Hz 1/2 which corresponds to an improvement of a factor of 3 compared to [1], driven mainly by a lowering of the system noise floor. The dynamic range was also increased by similar amount. References 1. A. Shurakov et al. “A Microwave Pumped Hot Electron Bolometric Direct Detector,” submitted on Oct 18, 2013 to Appl. Phys. Let.
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Call Number Serial 1365
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