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Author Baek, Burm; Lita, Adriana E.; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo openurl 
  Title Superconducting a-WxSi1–x nanowire single-photon detector with saturated internal quantum efficiency from visible to 1850 nm Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 98 Issue 25 Pages 3  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We have developed a single-photon detector based on superconducting amorphous tungsten–silicon alloy (a-WxSi1–x) nanowire. Our device made from a uniform a-WxSi1–x nanowire covers a practical detection area (16 μm×16 μm) and shows high sensitivity featuring a plateau of the internal quantum efficiencies, i.e., efficiencies of generating an electrical pulse per absorbed photon, over a broad wavelength and bias range. This material system for superconducting nanowire detector technology could overcome the limitations of the prevalent nanowire devices based on NbN and lead to more practical, ideal single-photon detectors having high efficiency, low noise, and high count rates.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 665  
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Author Marsili, Francesco; Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Electrothermal simulation of superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 98 Issue 9 Pages 3  
  Keywords SNAP  
  Abstract We developed an electrothermal model of NbN superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors (SNAPs) on sapphire substrates. SNAPs are single-photon detectors consisting of the parallel connection of N superconducting nanowires. We extrapolated the physical constants of the model from experimental data and we simulated the time evolution of the device resistance, temperature and current by solving two coupled electrical and thermal differential equations describing the nanowires. The predictions of the model were in good quantitative agreement with the experimental results.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 658  
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Author Marsili, Francesco; Najafi, Faraz; Dauler, Eric; Bellei, Francesco; Hu, Xiaolong; Csete, Maria; Molnar, Richard J.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Single-photon detectors based on ultranarrow superconducting nanowires Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nano Letters Abbreviated Journal Nano Lett.  
  Volume 11 Issue 5 Pages 2048–2053  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We report efficient single-photon detection (η = 20% at 1550 nm wavelength) with ultranarrow (20 and 30 nm wide) superconducting nanowires, which were shown to be more robust to constrictions and more responsive to 1550 nm wavelength photons than standard superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, based on 90 nm wide nanowires. We also improved our understanding of the physics of superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetectors, which we used to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of ultranarrow-nanowire detectors by a factor of 4, thus relaxing the requirements on the read-out circuitry and making the devices suitable for a broader range of applications.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 659  
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Author Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. openurl 
  Title High speed travelling wave single-photon detectors with near-unity quantum efficiency Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-14  
  Keywords SPD  
  Abstract Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. Close-to-unity photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides and achieve single photon detection efficiency up to 94% at telecom wavelengths. Our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable, low loss silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps at multi-GHz detection rates. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1108.5299 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 661  
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Author Manova, N. N.; Korneeva, Yu. P.; Korneev, A. A.; Slysz, W.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Tech. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Tech. Phys. Lett.  
  Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 469-471  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 664  
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Author Miller, Aaron J.; Lita, Adriana E.; Calkins, Brice; Vayshenker, Igor; Gruber, Steven M.; Nam, Sae Woo openurl 
  Title Compact cryogenic self-aligning fiber-to-detector coupling with losses below one percent Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 19 Issue 10 Pages 9102-9110  
  Keywords TES  
  Abstract We present a compact packaging technique for coupling light from a single-mode telecommunication fiber to cryogenic single-photon sensitive devices. Our single-photon detectors are superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) with a collection area only a factor of a few larger than the area of the fiber core which presents significant challenges to low-loss fiber-to-detector coupling. The coupling method presented here has low loss, cryogenic compatibility, easy and reproducible assembly and low component cost. The system efficiency of the packaged single-photon counting detectors is verified by the “triplet method” of power-source calibration along with the “multiple attenuator” method that produces a calibrated single-photon flux. These calibration techniques, when used in combination with through-wafer imaging and fiber back-reflection measurements, give us confidence that we have achieved coupling losses below 1 % for all devices packaged according to the self-alignment method presented in this paper.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 666  
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Author Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver openurl 
  Title Quantum nature of light measured with a single detector Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 7  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We realized the most fundamental quantum optical experiment to prove the non-classical character of light: Only a single quantum emitter and a single superconducting nanowire detector were used. A particular appeal of our experiment is its elegance and simplicity. Yet its results unambiguously enforce a quantum theory for light. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, giving the false impression that the beam splitter is required. Our work results in a major simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques with applications ranging from quantum information processing to single-molecule detection.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1107.1353 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 667  
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Author Sprengers, J.P.; Gaggero, A.; Sahin, D.; Nejad, S. Jahanmiri; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Beetz, J.; Lermer, M.; Kamp, M.; Höfling, S.; Sanjines, R.; Fiore, A. openurl 
  Title Waveguide single-photon detectors for integrated quantum photonic circuits Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 11  
  Keywords SPD  
  Abstract he generation, manipulation and detection of quantum bits (qubits) encoded on single photons is at the heart of quantum communication and optical quantum information processing. The combination of single-photon sources, passive optical circuits and single-photon detectors enables quantum repeaters and qubit amplifiers, and also forms the basis of all-optical quantum gates and of linear-optics quantum computing. However, the monolithic integration of sources, waveguides and detectors on the same chip, as needed for scaling to meaningful number of qubits, is very challenging, and previous work on quantum photonic circuits has used external sources and detectors. Here we propose an approach to a fully-integrated quantum photonic circuit on a semiconductor chip, and demonstrate a key component of such circuit, a waveguide single-photon detector. Our detectors, based on superconducting nanowires on GaAs ridge waveguides, provide high efficiency (20%) at telecom wavelengths, high timing accuracy (60 ps), response time in the ns range, and are fully compatible with the integration of single-photon sources, passive networks and modulators.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1108.5107 Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 668  
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Author Engel, Andreas; Aeschbacher, Adrian; Inderbitzin, Kevin; Schilling, Andreas; Il'in, Konstantin; Hofherr, Matthias; Siegel, Michael; Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm openurl 
  Title Tantalum nitride superconducting single-photon detectors with low cut-off energy Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication arXiv Abbreviated Journal arXiv  
  Volume Issue Pages 9  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Materials with a small superconducting energy gap favor a high detection efficiency of low-energy photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. We developed a TaN detector with smaller gap and lower density of states at the Fermi energy than in comparable NbN devices, while other relevant parameters remain essentially unchanged. This results in a reduction of the minimum photon energy required for direct detection to $\approx1/3$ as compared to NbN.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication arXiv:1110.4576 Editor  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 687  
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Author Bulaevskii, L. N.; Graf, M. J.; Batista, C. D.; Kogan, V. G. openurl 
  Title Vortex-induced dissipation in narrow current-biased thin-film superconducting strips Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B  
  Volume 83 Issue 14 Pages 9  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A vortex crossing a thin-film superconducting strip from one edge to the other, perpendicular to the bias current, is the dominant mechanism of dissipation for films of thickness d on the order of the coherence length ξ and of width w much narrower than the Pearl length Λâ‰<ab>wâ‰<ab>ξ. At high bias currents I*<I<Ic the heat released by the crossing of a single vortex suffices to create a belt-like normal-state region across the strip, resulting in a detectable voltage pulse. Here Ic is the critical current at which the energy barrier vanishes for a single vortex crossing. The belt forms along the vortex path and causes a transition of the entire strip into the normal state. We estimate I* to be roughly Ic/3. Furthermore, we argue that such “hot” vortex crossings are the origin of dark counts in photon detectors, which operate in the regime of metastable superconductivity at currents between I* and Ic. We estimate the rate of vortex crossings and compare it with recent experimental data for dark counts. For currents below I*, that is, in the stable superconducting but resistive regime, we estimate the amplitude and duration of voltage pulses induced by a single vortex crossing.  
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  Notes SSPD Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 688  
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