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Hans Ekstrom; Karasik, Boris S.; Kollberg, Erik L.; Sigfrid Yngvesson |
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Title |
Conversion gain and noise of niobium superconducting hot–electron–mixers |
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1995 |
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IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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43 |
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4 |
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938-947 |
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Nb HEB mixers |
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254 |
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Karasik, B. S.; Elantiev, A. I. |
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Title |
Noise temperature limit of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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1996 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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68 |
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6 |
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853-855 |
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HEB mixer noise temperature, Johnson noise, thermal fluctuation noise, noise bandwidth |
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0003-6951 |
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260 |
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Karasik, B. S.; Il'in, K. S.; Pechen, E. V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I. |
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Title |
Diffusion cooling mechanism in a hot-electron NbC microbolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
2285-2287 |
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Keywords |
HEB mixer, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel |
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0003-6951 |
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262 |
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Semenov, Alexei; Richter, Heiko; Smirnov, Konstantin; Voronov, Boris; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm |
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Title |
The development of terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2004 |
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Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
436-439 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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We present recent advances in the development of NbN hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers for flying terahertz heterodyne receivers. Three important issues have been addressed: the quality of the source NbN films, the effect of the bolometer size on the spectral properties of different planar feed antennas, and the local oscillator (LO) power required for optimal operation of the mixer. Studies of the NbN films with an atomic force microscope indicated a surface structure that may affect the performance of the smallest mixers. Measured spectral gain and noise temperature suggest that at frequencies above 2.5 THz the spiral feed provides better overall performance than the double-slot feed. Direct measurements of the optimal LO power support earlier estimates made in the framework of the uniform mixer model. |
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357 |
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Author |
Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S. |
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Title |
Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers |
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Year |
1997 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
3296-3298 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique |
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We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K. |
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279 |
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