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Author Klapwijk, T. M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.
Title Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 5498 Issue Pages 129-139
Keywords HEB mixer distributed model, numerical model
Abstract Improved and reproducible heterodyne mixing (noise temperatures of 950 K at 2.5 THz) has been realized with NbN based hot-electron superconducting devices with low contact resistances. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, has been used to understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We find that the mixing is predominantly due to the exponential rise of the local resistivity as a function of electron temperature.
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Notes Invited talk, Recommended by Klapwijk Approved no
Call Number Serial 912
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Author Meledin D.; Pantaleev M.; Pavolotsky A.; Risacher C.; Robles V.A.P.; Belitsky V.; Drakinskiy V.; Cherednichenko S.
Title Design of a balanced waveguide HEB mixer for APEX 1.32 THz receiver Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 211-217
Keywords
Abstract The prototype of a waveguide balanced Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) Terahertz mixer is designed as a part of development for the APEX Project of Band T2 receiver for 1250-1390 GHz. The proposed mixer employs balanced scheme with two identical HEB devices. These individual mixers would be placed on two separate crystalline quartz substrates with dimensions of 1000μm x67μm x17 μm each with integrated RF choke filters, DC-bias and IF circuitry. A 3 dB quadrature waveguide directional coupler is needed to provide local oscillator (LO) injection and RF signal distribution between the two HEB mixers. We have designed the coupler to achieve the required frequency band, low insertion loss and symmetrical division of the RF and LO power within the band of interest. Initial design of HEB mixer layout is developed based on a previous development for a 345 GHz sideband separation mixer. We present also results of development of microfabrication technology of the waveguide hybrid employing micromachining approach combined with electroplating technique.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 972
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Author Hubers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Schwarz, M.; Gunther, B.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.
Title Heterodyne receiver for 3-5 THz with hot-electron bolometer mixer Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume 5498 Issue Pages 579-586
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy and planetary research need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently build for SOFIA and Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. The local oscillator and the mixer are the most critical components for a heterodyne receiver operating at 3-5 THz. The design and performance of an optically pumped THz gas laser optimized for this frequency band will be presented. In order to optimize the performance for this frequency hot electron bolometer mixers with different in-plane dimensions and logarithmic-spiral feed antennas have been investigated. Their noise temperatures and beam patterns were measured. Above 3 THz the best performance was achieved with a superconducting bridge of 2.0 x 0.2 μm2 incorporated in a logarithmic spiral antenna. The DSB noise temperatures were 2700 K, 4700 K and 6400 K at 3.1 THz, 4.3 THz and 5.2 THz, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for THz heterodyne receivers up to at least 5 THz.
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Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Zmuidzinas, J.; Holland, W.S.; Withington, S.
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Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy II
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1483
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Author Maslennikov, S. N.; Morozov, D. V.; Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Okunev, O. V.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title Imaging system for submillimeter wave range based on AlGaAs/GaAs hot electron bolometer mixers Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 5-th MSMW Abbreviated Journal Proc. 5-th MSMW
Volume 2 Issue Pages 558-560
Keywords AlGaAs/GaAs HEB mixers
Abstract Electromagnetic radiation of the submillimeter (SMM) range is dispersed and absorbed significantly less than infrared (IR) radiation when passing through different objects. That is the reason for the development of an SMM imaging system. In this paper, we discuss the design of an SMM heterodyne imager, based on a matrix of AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure hot electron bolometer mixers (HEB) with relatively high (about 77 K) operating temperature. The predicted double side band (DSB) noise temperature is about 1000 K and optimal local oscillator (LO) power is about 1 /spl mu/W for such mixers, which seems to be quite prospective for an SMM heterodyne imager.
Address Kharkov, Ukraine
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Area Expedition Conference The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves (IEEE Cat. No.04EX828)
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1487
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Author Sobolewski, R.; Verevkin, A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title Superconducting optical single-photon detectors Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication CLEO/QELS Abbreviated Journal CLEO/QELS
Volume Issue Pages IThD1
Keywords SSPD, QE, jitter, dark counts
Abstract We review the development of superconducting single-photon detectors. The devices are characterized by experimental quantum efficiency of ~8% for infrared photons, counting rate ~2 GHz, 18 ps jitter, and <0.01 per second dark counts.
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Publisher Optical Society of America Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Sobolewski:04 Serial 1489
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Author Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Baryshev, A.; Kooi, J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
Title Hot electron bolometer mixers with improved interfaces: sensitivity, LO power and stability Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 17-24
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We study twin slot antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with an improved contact structure and a small volume, ranging from 1 µm × 0.1 µm to 2 × 0.3 µm. We obtain a DSB receiver noise temperature of 900 K at 1.6 THz and 940 K at 1.9 THz. To explore the practical usability of such small HEB mixers we evaluate the LO power requirement, the sensitivity and the stability. We find that the LO power requirement of the smallest mixers is reduced to about 240 nW at the Si lens of the mixer. This value is larger than expected from the isothermal technique and the known losses in the lens by a factor of 3-3.5. The stability of these receivers is characterized using a measurement of the Allan Variance. We find an Allan time of 0.5 sec. in an 80 MHz bandwidth. A small increase in stability can be reached by using a higher bias at the expense of a significant amount of sensitivity. The stability is sufficient for spectroscopic applications in a 1 MHz bandwidth at a 1 Hz chopping frequency.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1491
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Author Ryabchun, S.; Korneev, A.; Matvienko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title Superconducting single photon detectors array based on hot electron phenomena Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 242-247
Keywords NbN SSPD arrays, SNSPD
Abstract In this paper we propose to use time domain multiplexing for large format arrays of superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs) of the terahertz, visible and infrared frequency ranges based on ultrathin superconducting NbN films. Effective realization of time domain multiplexing for SSPD arrays is possible due to a short electric pulse of the SSPD as response to radiation quantum absorption, picosecond jitter and extremely low noise equivalent power (NEP). We present experimental results of testing 2×2 arrays in the infrared waveband. The measured noise equivalent power in the infrared and expected for the terahertz waveband is 10 – 21 WHz -1/2 . The best quantum efficiency (QE) of SSPD is 50% at 1.3 µm wavelength.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1493
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Author Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte 2, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.
Title Increased bandwidth of NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 381-386
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, IF bandwidth
Abstract We study experimentally the IF gain bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers for a set of devices with different contact structures but an identical NbN film. We observe that the IF bandwidth depends strongly on the exact contact structure and find an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz for a device with an additional superconducting layer (NbTiN) in between the active NbN film and the gold contact to the antenna. These results contradict the common opinion that the IF bandwidth is determined by the phonon-escape time between the NbN film and the substrate. Hence we calculate the IF gain bandwidth of a superconducting film using a two-temperature model. We find that the bandwidth increases strongly with operating temperature and is not limited by the phonon escape time. This is because of strong temperature dependence of the phonon specific heat in the NbN film.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1494
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Author Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics Abbreviated Journal Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics
Volume Issue Pages 11-17
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications
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Publisher Place of Publication Noordwijk Editor Armandillo, E.; Leone, B.
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Area Expedition Conference International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1496
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Author Il'in, K.; Siegel, M.; Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Hübers, H.-W.; Hollmann, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.
Title Thickness dependence of superconducting properties of ultrathin Nb and NbN films Type (up) Conference Article
Year 2004 Publication AKF-Frühjahrstagung Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords Nb, NbN films, has potential plagiarism
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Address Berlin-Adlershof
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1503
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