Records |
Author |
Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H. W.; Richter, H. |
Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixers for terahertz receivers |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
962-965 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
Sensitivity and gain bandwidth measurements of phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers are presented. The best receiver noise temperatures are: 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. Parylene as an antireflection coating on silicon has been investigated and used in the optics of the receiver. The dependence of the mixer gain bandwidth (GBW) on the bias voltage has been measured. Starting from low bias voltages, close to operating conditions yielding the lowest noise temperature, the GBW increases towards higher bias voltages, up to three times the initial value. The highest measured GBW is 9 GHz within the same bias range the noise temperature increases by a factor of two. |
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312 |
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Uzawa, Y.; Miki, S.; Wang, Z.; Kawakami, A.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Kollberg, E. |
Title |
Performance of a quasi-optical NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Superconductor Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond. Sci. Technol. |
Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
141-145 |
Keywords |
HEB, mixer |
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0953-2048 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ s @ |
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548 |
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Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Noise temperature and local oscillator power requirement of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume |
73 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
2814-2816 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature, local oscillator power |
Abstract |
In this letter, the noise performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55–1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the double-sideband <cd><2018>DSB<cd><2019> noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz, and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes significant contribution to the measured receiver noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The devices are made from 3-nm-thick NbN film on high-resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are typically 0.2Ï«2 um. The amount of local oscillator power absorbed in the bolometer is less than 100 nW. |
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911 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
Title |
1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Volume |
372-376 |
Issue |
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Pages |
427-431 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
Abstract |
A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz. |
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ISSN |
0921-4534 |
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no |
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Serial |
1527 |
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Svechnikov, S. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Goltsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Cherednichenko, S. I.; Kroug, M.; Kollberg, E. |
Title |
Conversion and noise bandwidths of terahertz NbN hot-electron bolometer mixers |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Physics of Vibrations |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physics of Vibrations |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
205-210 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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1069-1227 |
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no |
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Serial |
1551 |
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Author |
Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Heterodyne measurements of a NbN superconducting hot electron mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3757-3760 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The best results of the DSB noise temperature at 1.5 GHz IF frequency obtained with one device are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 THz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The measurements were performed at 4.5 K ambient temperature. The amount of local oscillator (LO) power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain measured at 650 GHz is -9 dB, the total conversion gain is -14 dB. |
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1051-8223 |
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no |
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1569 |
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Author |
Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E. |
Title |
NbN quasioptical phonon cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at THz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
405-408 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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Veldhoven |
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Bristol |
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0951-3248 |
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3rd Eur. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity |
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no |
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Serial |
1600 |
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Author |
Merkel, H. F.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Kollberg, E. L.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
Title |
Noise temperature and absorbed LO power measurement methods for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 28th European Microwave Conf. |
Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
294-299 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
In this paper the absorbed LO power requirements and the noise performance of NbN based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixers are investigated for RF frequencies in the 0.55-1.1 range The minimal measured DSB noise temperatures are about 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The increase in noise temperature at 1.1THz is attributed to water absorption. The absorbed LO power is measured using a calorimetric approach. The results are subsequently corrected for lattice heating. These values are compared to results of a novel one dimensional hot spot mixer models and to a more traditional isotherm method which tends to underestimate the absorbed LO power for small bias powers. Typically a LO power between 50nW and 100nW is needed to pump the device to the optimal operating point. |
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28th European Microwave Conference |
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no |
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1580 |
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Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H. W.; Svechnikov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Wang, Z. |
Title |
Hot electron bolometric mixers based on NbN films deposited on MgO substrates |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
Volume |
167 |
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687-690 |
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Barcelona, Spain |
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4th Europ. Conf. on Appl. Superconductivity, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. |
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297 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
Title |
Local oscillator power requirement and saturation effects in NbN HEB mixers |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
273-285 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range |
Abstract |
The local oscillator power required for NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers (P LO ) was investigated with respect to mixer size, critical temperature and ambient temperature. P LO can be decreased by a factor of 10 as the mixer size decreases from 4×0.4 µm 2 to 0.6×0.13 µm 2 . For the smallest volume mixer the optimal local oscillator power was found to be 15 nW. We found that for such mixer no signal compression was observed up to an input signal of 2 nW which corresponds to an equivalent input load of 20,000 K. For a constant mixer volume, reduction of T c can decrease optimal local oscillator power at least by a factor of 2 without a deterioration of the receiver noise temperature. Bath temperature was found to have minor effect on the receiver characteristics. |
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San Diego, CA, USA |
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Inst.it.u.t.e of Technology |
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no |
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318 |
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Kroug, M.; Cherednichenko, S.; Choumas, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'Tsman, G. |
Title |
HEB quasi-optical heterodyne receiver for THz frequencies |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Pages |
244-252 |
Keywords |
HEB mixer, NbN, MgO, conversion gain bandwidth, noise temperature |
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San Diego, CA, USA |
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319 |
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Merkel, H. F.; Khosropanah, P.; Sigfrid Yngvesson, K.; Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E. |
Title |
An active zone small signal model for hot-electron bolometric mixers |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Proc. 12th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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55 |
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San Diego, CA, USA |
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RPLAB @ s @ losses_in_contacts_merkel |
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320 |
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Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Merkel, H.; Kolberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Richter, H.; Hübers, H. W. |
Title |
A broadband terahertz heterodyne receiver with an NbN HEB mixer |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
85-95 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
Abstract |
We present a broadband and low noise heterodyne receiver for 1.4-1.7 THz designed for the Hershel Space Observatory. A phonon- cooled NbN HEB mixer was integrated with a normal metal double- slot antenna and an elliptical silicon lens. DSB receiver noise temperature Tr was measured from 1 GHz through 8GHz intermediate frequency band with 50 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. At 4.2 K bath temperature and at 1.6 THz LO frequency Tr is 800 K with the receiver noise bandwidth of 5 GHz. While at 2 K bath temperature Tr was as low as 700 K. At 0.6 THz and 1.1 THz a spiral antenna integrated NbN HEB mixer showed the receiver noise temperature 500 K and 800 K, though no antireflection coating was used in this case. Tr of 1100 K was achieved at 2.5 THz while the receiver noise bandwidth was 4 GHz. |
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Cambridge, MA, USA |
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Harward University |
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332 |
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Uzawa, Y.; Kojima, T.; Kroug, M.; Takeda, M.; Candotti, M.; Fujii, Y.; Shan, W.-L.; Kaneko, K.; Shitov, S.; Wang, M.-J. |
Title |
Development of the 787-950 GHz ALMA band 10 cartridge |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
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Issue |
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Pages |
12-12 |
Keywords |
SIS mixer, noise temperature, ALMA, band 10 |
Abstract |
We are developing the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 10 (787-950 GHz) receiver cartridge. The incoming beam from the 12-m antenna is reflected by a pair of two ellipsoidal mirrors placed in the cartridge, and then split into two orthogonal polarizations by a free-standing wire-grid. Each beam enters a corrugated feed horn attached to a double-side-band (DSB) mixer block. The mixer uses a full-height waveguide and an NbTiN- or NbN-based superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) mixer chip. We are testing the following three types of mixer chips: 1) Nb SIS junctions + NbTiN/SiO2/Al tuning circuits on a quartz substrate, 2) Nb SIS junctions + NbN/SiO2/Al tuning circuits on an MgO substrate, and 3) NbN SIS junctions + NbN or NbTiN tuning circuits on an MgO substrate. The IF system uses a 4-12-GHz cooled low-noise InP-based MMIC amplifier developed by Caltech. So far, the type 1) has shown the best performance. At LO frequencies from 800 to 940 GHz, the mixer noise temperatures measured by using the standard Y-factor method were below 240 K at an operating physical temperature of 4 K. The lowest noise temperature, 169 K, was obtained at the center frequency of the band 10, as designed. These well-developed technologies will be implemented in the band 10 cartridge to achieve the ALMA specifications. |
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Serial |
615 |
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Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
Title |
IF bandwidth of phonon cooled HEB mixers made from NbN films on MgO substrates |
Type ![sorted by Type field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Conference Article |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
219-227 |
Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, cinversion gain bandwidth, IF bandwidth |
Abstract |
An investigation of gain and noise bandwidth of phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers is presented. The radiation coupling to the mixers is quasioptical through either a spiral or twin-slot antenna. A maximum gain bandwidth of 4.8 GHz is obtained for mixers based on a 3.5 nm thin NbN film with Tc= 10 K. The noise bandwidth is 5.6 GHz, at the moment limited by parasitic elements in the, device mount fixture. At 0.65 THz the DSB receiver noise temperature is 700-800 К in the IF band 1-2 GHz, and 1150-2700 К in the band 3.5-7 GHz. |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1557 |
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