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Gershenzon, E. M., Gol’tsman, G. N., Sergeev, A., & Semenov, A. D. (1990). Picosecond response of YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation. In W. Gorzkowski, M. Gutowski, A. Reich, & H. Szymczak (Eds.), Proc. European Conf. High-Tc Thin Films and Single Crystals (pp. 457–462).
Abstract: Radiation-induced change of the resistance was studied in the resistive state of YBaCuO films. Electron-phonon relaxation time T h was determmed from direct ep measurements and analysis of quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of That TS 40 K was found to – ep be T h.. T'. The resul ts show that ep detectors with the response time of few picosecond at nitrogen temperature can be realized.
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Peltonen, J. T., Peng, Z. H., Korneeva, Y. P., Voronov, B. M., Korneev, A. A., Semenov, A. V., et al. (2016). Coherent dynamics and decoherence in a superconducting weak link. Physic. Rev. B,, 94, 180508.
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Kovalyuk, V., Ferrari, S., Kahl, O., Semenov, A., Lobanov, Y., Shcherbatenko, M., et al. (2017). Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application. In J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (Vol. 917, 062032).
Abstract: With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength
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Korneev, A. A., Korneeva, Y. P., Mikhailov, M. Y., Pershin, Y. P., Semenov, A. V., Vodolazov, D. Y., et al. (2015). Characterization of MoSi superconducting single-photon detectors in the magnetic field. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 25(3), 2200504 (1 to 4).
Abstract: We investigate the response mechanism of nanowire superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) made of amorphous MoxSi1-x. We study the dependence of photon count and dark count rates on bias current in magnetic fields up to 113 mT at 1.7 K temperature. The observed behavior of photon counts is similar to the one recently observed in NbN SSPDs. Our results show that the detecting mechanism of relatively high-energy photons does not involve the vortex penetration from the edges of the film, and on the contrary, the detecting mechanism of low-energy photons probably involves the vortex penetration from the film edges.
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Lobanov, Y., Shcherbatenko, M., Finkel, M., Maslennikov, S., Semenov, A., Voronov, B. M., et al. (2015). NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer for operation in the near-IR frequency range. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 25(3), 2300704 (1 to 4).
Abstract: Traditionally, hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers are employed for THz and “super-THz” heterodyne detection. To explore the near-IR spectral range, we propose a fiber-coupled NbN film based HEB mixer. To enhance the incident-light absorption, a quasi-antenna consisting of a set of parallel stripes of gold is used. To study the antenna effect on the mixer performance, we have experimentally studied a set of devices with different size of the Au stripe and spacing between the neighboring stripes. With use of the well-known isotherm technique we have estimated the absorption efficiency of the mixer, and the maximum efficiency has been observed for devices with the smallest pitch of the alternating NbN and NbN-Au stripes. Also, a proper alignment of the incident Eâƒ<2014>-field with respect to the stripes allows us to improve the coupling further. Studying IV-characteristics of the mixer under differently-aligned Eâƒ<2014>-field of the incident radiation, we have noticed a difference in their shape. This observation suggests that a difference exists in the way the two waves with orthogonal polarizations parallel and perpendicular Eâƒ<2014>-field to the stripes heat the electrons in the HEB mixer. The latter results in a variation in the electron temperature distribution over the HEB device irradiated by the two waves.
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Korneeva, Y., Florya, I., Semenov, A., Korneev, A., & Goltsman, G. (2011). New generation of nanowire NbN superconducting single-photon detector for mid-infrared. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 21(3), 323–326.
Abstract: We present a break-through approach to mid-infrared single-photon detection based on nanowire NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD). Although SSPD became a mature technology for telecom wavelengths (1.3-1.55 μm) its further expansion to mid-infrared wavelength was hampered by low sensitivity above 2 μm. We managed to overcome this limit by reducing the nanowire width to 50 nm, while retaining high superconducting properties and connecting the wires in parallel to produce a voltage response of sufficient magnitude. The new device exhibits 10 times better quantum efficiency at 3.5 μm wavelength than the “standard” SSPD.
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Semenov, A. D., Hübers, H. - W., Richter, H., Birk, M., Krocka, M., Mair, U., et al. (2003). Superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer for terahertz heterodyne receivers. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 13(2), 168–171.
Abstract: We present recent results showing the development of superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer for German receiver for astronomy at terahertz frequencies and terahertz limb sounder. The mixer is incorporated into a planar feed antenna, which has either logarithmic spiral or double-slot configuration, and backed on a silicon lens. The hybrid antenna had almost frequency independent and symmetric radiation pattern slightly broader than expected for a diffraction limited antenna. At 2.5 THz the best 2200 K double side-band receiver noise temperature was achieved across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. For this operation regime, a receiver conversion efficiency of -17 dB was directly measured and the loss budget was evaluated. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. Implementation of the MgO buffer layer on Si resulted in an increased 5.2 GHz gain bandwidth. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring a methanol emission line at 2.5 THz.
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Schubert, J., Semenov, A., Gol'tsman, G., Hübers, H. - W., Schwaab, G., Voronov, B., et al. (1999). Noise temperature of an NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer at frequencies from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. Supercond. Sci. Technol., 12(11), 748–750.
Abstract: We report on noise temperature measurements of an NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The devices were 3 nm thick films with in-plane dimensions 1.7 × 0.2 µm2 and 0.9 × 0.2 µm2 integrated in a complementary logarithmic-spiral antenna. Measurements were performed at seven frequencies ranging from 0.7 THz to 5.2 THz. The measured DSB noise temperatures are 1500 K (0.7 THz), 2200 K (1.4 THz), 2600 K (1.6 THz), 2900 K (2.5 THz), 4000 K (3.1 THz), 5600 K (4.3 THz) and 8800 K (5.2 THz).
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Gousev, Y. P., Gol'tsman, G. N., Semenov, A. D., Gershenzon, E. M., Nebosis, R. S., Heusinger, M. A., et al. (1994). Broadband ultrafast superconducting NbN detector for electromagnetic radiation. J. Appl. Phys., 75(7), 3695–3697.
Abstract: An ultrafast detector that is sensitive to radiation in a broad spectral range from submillimeter waves to visible light is reported. It consists of a structured NbN thin film cooled to a temperature below Tc (∼11 K). Using 20 ps pulses of a GaAs laser, we observed signal pulses with both rise and decay time of about 50 ps. From the analysis of a mixing experiment with submillimeter radiation we estimate an intrinsic response time of the detector of ∼12 ps. The sensitivity was found to be similar for the near‐infrared and submillimeter radiation. Broadband sensitivity and short response time are attributed to a quasiparticle heating effect.
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Verevkin, A., Zhang, J., Sobolewski, R., Lipatov, A., Okunev, O., Chulkova, G., et al. (2002). Detection efficiency of large-active-area NbN single-photon superconducting detectors in the ultraviolet to near-infrared range. Appl. Phys. Lett., 80(25), 4687–4689.
Abstract: We report our studies on spectral sensitivity of meander-type, superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPDs), characterized by GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons and negligible dark counts. Our SPDs exhibit experimentally determined quantum efficiencies ranging from ∼0.2% at the 1.55 μm wavelength to ∼70% at 0.4 μm. Spectral dependences of the detection efficiency (DE) at the 0.4 to 3.0-μm-wavelength range are presented. The exponential character of the DE dependence on wavelength, as well as its dependence versus bias current, is qualitatively explained in terms of superconducting fluctuations in our ultrathin, submicron-width superconducting stripes. The DE values of large-active-area NbN SPDs in the visible range are high enough for modern quantum communications.
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Kovalyuk, V., Ferrari, S., Kahl, O., Semenov, A., Shcherbatenko, M., Lobanov, Y., et al. (2017). On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity. Sci Rep, 7(1), 4812.
Abstract: While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously.
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Hübers, H. W., Pavlov, S. G., Semenov, A. D., Tredicucci, A., Köhler, R., Mahler, L., et al. (2005). Investigation of a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator. In Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (18). Göteborg, Sweden.
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Mair, U., Suttywong, N., Hübers, H. - W., Semenov, A. D., Richter, H., Wagner, G., et al. (2005). Development of 1.8 THz receiver for the TELIS instrument. In Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.. Göteborg, Sweden.
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Nebosis, R. S., Semenov, A. D., Gousev, Y. P., & Renk, K. F. (1996). Rigorous analysis of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer: theory and comparision with experiment. In Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 601–613). Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Huebers, H. - W., Pavlov, S., Semenov, A., Köhler, R., Mahler, L., Tredicucci, A., et al. (2005). Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. Optics Express, 13(15), 5890–5896.
Abstract: Terahertz quantum cascade lasers have been investigated with respect to their performance as a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. The beam profile has been measured and transformed in to a close to Gaussian profile resulting in a good matching between the field patterns of the quantum cascade laser and the antenna of a superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer. Noise temperature measurements with the hot electron bolometer and a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator.
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