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Author Semenov, Alexei D; Gol'tsman, Gregory N; Sobolewski, Roman url  doi
openurl 
  Title Hot-electron effect in superconductors and its applications for radiation sensors Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Superconductor Science and Technology Abbreviated Journal Supercond. Sci. Technol.  
  Volume 15 Issue 4 Pages R1-R16  
  Keywords HEB, SSPD  
  Abstract The paper reviews the main aspects of nonequilibrium hot-electron phenomena in superconductors and various theoretical models developed to describe the hot-electron effect. We discuss implementation of the hot-electron avalanche mechanism in superconducting radiation sensors and present the most successful practical devices, such as terahertz mixers and direct intensity detectors, for far-infrared radiation. Our presentation also includes the novel approach to hot-electron quantum detection implemented in superconducting x-ray to optical photon counters.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0953-2048 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 416  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Divochiy, Aleksander; Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Gaggero, Alessandro; Leoni, Roberto; Mattioli, Francesco; Korneev, Alexander; Seleznev, Vitaliy; Kaurova, Nataliya; Minaeva, Olga; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Lagoudakis, Konstantinos G.; Benkhaoul, Moushab; Lévy, Francis; Fiore, Andrea url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detector at telecommunication wavelengths Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Nat. Photon. Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume 2 Issue 5 Pages 302-306  
  Keywords SSPD, photon-number-resolving  
  Abstract Optical-to-electrical conversion, which is the basis of the operation of optical detectors, can be linear or nonlinear. When high sensitivities are needed, single-photon detectors are used, which operate in a strongly nonlinear mode, their response being independent of the number of detected photons. However, photon-number-resolving detectors are needed, particularly in quantum optics, where n-photon states are routinely produced. In quantum communication and quantum information processing, the photon-number-resolving functionality is key to many protocols, such as the implementation of quantum repeaters1 and linear-optics quantum computing2. A linear detector with single-photon sensitivity can also be used for measuring a temporal waveform at extremely low light levels, such as in long-distance optical communications, fluorescence spectroscopy and optical time-domain reflectometry. We demonstrate here a photon-number-resolving detector based on parallel superconducting nanowires and capable of counting up to four photons at telecommunication wavelengths, with an ultralow dark count rate and high counting frequency.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 916  
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Author Rosfjord, Kristine M.; Yang, Joel K. W.; Dauler, Eric A.; Kerman, Andrew J.; Vikas Anant; Voronov, Boris M.; Gol'tsman, Gregory N.; Berggren, Karl K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nanowire Single-photon detector with an integrated optical cavity and anti-reflection coating Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Opt. Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 527-534  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, cavity  
  Abstract We have fabricated and tested superconducting single-photon detectors and demonstrated detection efficiencies of 57% at 1550-nm wavelength and 67% at 1064 nm. In addition to the peak detection efficiency, a median detection efficiency of 47.7% was measured over 132 devices at 1550 nm. These measurements were made at 1.8K, with each device biased to 97.5% of its critical current. The high detection efficiencies resulted from the addition of an optical cavity and anti-reflection coating to a nanowire photodetector, creating an integrated nanoelectrophotonic device with enhanced performance relative to the original device. Here, the testing apparatus and the fabrication process are presented. The detection efficiency of devices before and after the addition of optical elements is also reported.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1094-4087 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:19503367 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 388  
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Author Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, Alexei; Schubert, Josef; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Evgeni url  openurl
  Title Performance of the phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics Abbreviated Journal Proc. 8-th Int. Conf. on Terahertz Electronics  
  Volume Issue Pages 117-119  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We report on the phonon cooled NbN hot electron bolometer as mixer in the terahertz frequency range. Its hybrid antenna consists of a hyperhemispheric silicon lens and a logarithmic-spiral feed antenna. Noise temperatures have been measured between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. A quarter wavelength layer of Parylene works as antireflection coating for the silicon lens and reduces the noise temperature by about 30. It was found that the antenna pattern at 2.5 THz is determined by the feed antenna and not by the diameter of the lens.  
  Address Darmstadt, Germany  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference International Conference on Terahertz Electronics [8th], Held inDarmstadt, Germany on 28-29 September 2000  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1553  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Beck, Matthias; Leiderer, Paul; Kabanov, Viktor V.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Helm, Manfred; Demsar, Jure url  openurl
  Title Energy-gap dynamics of a superconductor NbN studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy Type Abstract
  Year 2012 Publication INIS Abbreviated Journal INIS  
  Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1-3  
  Keywords NbN energy gap  
  Abstract Using time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the SC gap in a conventional SC NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the important microscopic constants: the Cooper pair-breaking rate via phonon absorption and the bare quasiparticle recombination rate. From the latter we were able to extract the dimensionless electron-phonon coupling constant, λ=1.1±0.1, in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates. The technique also allowed us to determine the absorbed energy required to suppress SC, which in NbN equals the thermodynamic condensation energy (in cuprates the two differ by an order of magnitude). Finally, we present the first studies of dynamics following resonant excitation with intense narrow band THz pulses tuned to above and below the superconducting gap. These suggest an additional process, particularly pronounced near Tc, that could be attributed to amplification of SC via effective quasiparticle cooling.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1383  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sobolewski, Roman; Xu, Ying; Zheng, Xuemei; Williams, Carlo; Zhang, Jin; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Chulkova, Galina; Korneev, Alexander; Lipatov, Andrey; Okunev, Oleg; Smirnov, Konstantin; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. url  openurl
  Title Spectral sensitivity of the NbN single-photon superconducting detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication IEICE Trans. Electron. Abbreviated Journal IEICE Trans. Electron.  
  Volume E85-C Issue 3 Pages 797-802  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report our studies on the spectral sensitivity of superconducting NbN thin-film single-photon detectors (SPD's) capable of GHz counting rates of visible and near-infrared photons. In particular, it has been shown that a NbN SPD is sensitive to 1.55-µm wavelength radiation and can be used for quantum communication. Our SPD's exhibit experimentally measured intrinsic quantum efficiencies from 20% at 800 nm up to 1% at 1.55-µm wavelength. The devices demonstrate picosecond response time (<100 ps, limited by our readout system) and negligibly low dark counts. Spectral dependencies of photon counting of continuous-wave, 0.4-µm to 3.5-µm radiation, and 0.63-µm, 1.33-µm, and 1.55-µm laser-pulsed radiations are presented for the single-stripe-type and meander-type devices.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1531  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Semenov, Alexei; Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Engel, Andreas; Gol'tsman, Gregory N. url  openurl
  Title Background limited superconducting quantum detector for astronomy Type Abstract
  Year 2002 Publication NASA/ADS Abbreviated Journal NASA/ADS  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords SQD  
  Abstract We present the concept of the superconducting quantum detector for astronomy. Response to a single absorbed photon appears due to successive formation of a normal spot and phase-slip-centers in a narrow strip carrying sub-critical supercurrent. The detector simultaneously has a moderate energy resolution and a variable cut-off wavelength depending on both the material used and operation conditions. We simulated performance of the background-limited direct detector having the 100- micrometer cut-off wavelength. Low dark count rate will allow to realize 10-21 W Hz-1/2 noise equivalent power at 4 K background radiation. The intrinsic recovery time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons, thus, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the detector. Provided an appropriate readout technique, the resolution should be better than 1/20 at 50- micrometer wavelength. Planar layout and relatively simple technology favor integration of the detector into an array.  
  Address Monterey, CA  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, held 1-3 April 2002  
  Notes id.62 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1535  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Marsili, Francesco; Bitauld, David; Fiore, Andrea; Gaggero, Alessandro; Mattioli, Francesco; Leoni, Roberto; Divochiy, Aleksander; Gol'tsman, Gregory url  doi
openurl 
  Title Photon-number-resolution at telecom wavelength with superconducting nanowires Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2010 Publication IntechOpen Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ marsiliphoton Serial 1036  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kawamura, Jonathan; Blundell, Raymond; Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Papa, D. Cosmo; Hunter, Todd R.; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Cherednichenko, Sergei; Voronov, Boris; Gershenzon, Eugene url  openurl
  Title First light with an 800 GHz phonon-cooled HEB mixer receiver Type Conference Article
  Year 1998 Publication Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 35-43  
  Keywords HEB, mixer, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation effect, dynamic range  
  Abstract Phonon-cooled superconductive hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers are incorporated in a waveguide receiver designed to operate near 800 Gliz. The mixer elements are thin-film nio- bium nitride microbridges with dimensions of 4 nm thickness, 0.2 to 0.3 p.m in length and 2 jun in width. At 780 GHz the best receiver noise temperature is 840 K (DSB). The mixer IF bandwidth is 2.0 GHz, the absorbed LO power is —0.1 1.1W. A fixed-tuned version of the re- ceiver was installed at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory on Mt. Graham, Arizona, to conduct astronomical observations. These observations represent the first time that a receiver incorporating any superconducting HEB mixer has been used to detect a spectral line of celes- tial origin.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Pasadena, California, USA Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 572  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Tong, C.-Y. Edward; Kawamura, Jonathan; Todd, R. Hunter; Papa, D. Cosmo; Blundell, Raymond.; Smith, Michael; Patt, Ferdinand; Gol'tsman, Gregory; Gershenzon, Eugene url  openurl
  Title Successful operation of a 1 THz NbN hot-electron bolometer receiver Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.  
  Volume Issue Pages 49-59  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications  
  Abstract A phonon-cooled NbN superconductive hot-electron bolometer receiver covering the frequency range 0.8-1.04 THz has successfully been used for astronomical observation at the Sub-Millimeter Telescope Observatory on Mount Graham, Arizona. This waveguide heterodyne receiver is a modified version of our fixed-tuned 800 GHz HEB receiver to allow for operation beyond 1 THz. The measured noise temperature of this receiver is about 1250 K at 0.81 THz, 560 K at 0.84 THz, and 1600 K at 1.035 THz. It has a 1 GHz wide IF bandwidth, centered at 1.8 GHz. This receiver has recently been used to detect the CO (9-8) molecular line emission at 1.037 THz in the Orion nebula. This is the first time a ground-based heterodyne receiver has been used to detect a celestial source above 1 THz.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 303  
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