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Author Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Svechnikov, S.; Gershenzon, E.
Title Noise temperature and local oscillator power requirement of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at terahertz frequencies Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 73 Issue 19 Pages 2814-2816
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature, local oscillator power
Abstract In this letter, the noise performance of NbN-based phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric quasioptical mixers is investigated in the 0.55–1.1 THz frequency range. The best results of the double-sideband <cd><2018>DSB<cd><2019> noise temperature are: 500 K at 640 GHz, 600 K at 750 GHz, 850 K at 910 GHz, and 1250 K at 1.1 THz. The water vapor in the signal path causes significant contribution to the measured receiver noise temperature around 1.1 THz. The devices are made from 3-nm-thick NbN film on high-resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are typically 0.2Ï«2 um. The amount of local oscillator power absorbed in the bolometer is less than 100 nW.
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Call Number Serial 911
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Author Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S.
Title Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers Type Journal Article
Year 1997 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 70 Issue 24 Pages 3296-3298
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique
Abstract We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K.
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Call Number Serial 279
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Author Shcherbatenko, M.; Elezov, M.; Manova, N.; Sedykh, K.; Korneev, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Dryazgov, M.; Simonov, N.; Feimov, A.; Goltsman, G.; Sych, D.
Title Single-pixel camera with a large-area microstrip superconducting single photon detector on a multimode fiber Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 118 Issue 18 Pages 181103
Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD
Abstract High sensitivity imaging at the level of single photons is an invaluable tool in many areas, ranging from microscopy to astronomy. However, development of single-photon sensitive detectors with high spatial resolution is very non-trivial. Here we employ the single-pixel imaging approach and demonstrate a proof-of-principle single-pixel single-photon imaging setup. We overcome the problem of low light gathering efficiency by developing a large-area microstrip superconducting single photon detector coupled to a multi-mode optical fiber interface. We show that the setup operates well in the visible and near infrared spectrum, and is able to capture images at the single-photon level.

We thank Philipp Zolotov and Pavel Morozov for NbN film fabrication, ARC coating, and fiber coupling of the detector. We also thank Swabian Instruments GmbH and Dr. Helmut Fedder personally for the kindly provided experimental equipment (Time Tagger Ultra 8). The work in the part of SNSPD research and development was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research Project No. 18-29-20100. The work in the part of the optical setup and imaging was supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research Project No. 20-32-51004.
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Call Number Serial 1770
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Author Lindgren, M.; Zorin, M. A.; Trifonov, V.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.; Karasik, B. S.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Optical mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 65 Issue 26 Pages 3398-3400
Keywords YBCO HTS HEB mixer, bandwidth
Abstract Mixing of 1.56 µm infrared radiation from two lasers in a high quality YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film, patterned to parallel strips, was demonstrated. A mixer bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by the measurement system, was obtained. A model based on nonequilibrium electron heating gives a good fit to the data and predicts an intrinsic mixer bandwidth in excess of 100 GHz, operating in the whole infrared spectrum. Reduction of bolometric effects and ways to decrease the conversion loss of the mixer is discussed. The minimum conversion loss is expected to be ~10 dB.
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Call Number Serial 251
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Author Dorenbos, S. N.; Reiger, E. M.; Perinetti, U.; Zwiller, V.; Zijlstra, T.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title Low noise superconducting single photon detectors on silicon Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 93 Issue 13 Pages 131101
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Call Number RPLAB @ s @ Serial 436
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Author Fu, K.; Zannoni, R.; Chan, C.; Adams, S. H.; Nicholson, J.; Polizzi, E.; Yngvesson, K. S.
Title Terahertz detection in single wall carbon nanotubes Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 92 Issue 3 Pages 033105
Keywords HEB, single wall, carbon nanotube, CNT, SWNT, SWCNT, terahertz detection, THz
Abstract It is reported that terahertz radiation from 0.69 to 2.54 THz has been sensitively detected in a device consisting of bundles of carbon nanotubes containing single wall metallic carbon nanotubes, quasioptically coupled through a lithographically fabricated antenna, and a silicon lens. The measured data are consistent with a bolometric detection process in the metallic tubes and the devices show promise for operation well above 4.2 K.
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Notes NEP is not shown Approved no
Call Number Serial 566
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Author Tarkhov, M.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J. Ph.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Seleznev, V.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Semenov, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title Ultrafast reset time of superconducting single photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 92 Issue 24 Pages 241112 (1 to 3)
Keywords SSPD, SNSPD
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Call Number Serial 429
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Author Delacour, C.; Claudon, J.; Poizat, J.-Ph.; Pannetier, B.; Bouchiat, V.; de Lamaestre, R. Espiau; Villegier, J.-C.; Tarkhov, M.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.
Title Superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation with an atomic force microscope Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 90 Issue 19 Pages 191116 (1 t0 3)
Keywords SSPD
Abstract The authors present a fabrication technique of superconducting single photon detectors made by local oxidation of niobium nitride ultrathin films. Narrow superconducting meander lines are obtained by direct writing of insulating niobium oxynitride lines through the films using voltage-biased tip of an atomic force microscope. Due to the 30nm resolution of the lithographic technique, the filling factor of the meander line can be made substantially higher than detector of similar geometry made by electron beam lithography, thus leading to increased quantum efficiency. Single photon detection regime of these devices is demonstrated at 4.2K.

The authors thank J.-P. Maneval for stimulating discussions. This work has been partly supported by ACI Nanoscience from French Ministry of Research, D.G.A., by Grant No. 02.445.11.7434 of Russian Ministry of Education and Science, and by the European Commission under project “SINPHONIA,” Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433.
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Call Number Serial 423
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Author Rodriguez-Morales, F.; Zannoni, R.; Nicholson, J.; Fischetti, M.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Appenzeller, J.
Title Direct and heterodyne detection of microwaves in a metallic single wall carbon nanotube Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 89 Issue 8 Pages 083502
Keywords carbon nanotube, GHz heterodyne detector, direct detector
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Call Number Serial 565
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Author Hadfield, Robert. H.; Habif, Jonathan L.; Schlafer, John; Schwall, Robert. E.; Nam, Sae Woo
Title Quantum key distribution at 1550 nm with twin superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 89 Issue 24 Pages 241129
Keywords SSPD, quantum cryptography
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Call Number Serial 533
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Author Siddiqi, I.; Prober, D. E.
Title Nb–Au bilayer hot-electron bolometers for low-noise THz heterodyne detection Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 84 Issue 8 Pages 1404
Keywords HEB, mixers, dynamic range, saturation, LO power, local oscillator power, Nb
Abstract The sensitivity of present Nb diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers is not quantum limited, and can be improved by reducing the superconducting transition temperature TC. Lowering TC reduces thermal fluctuations, resulting in a decrease of the mixer noise temperature TM. However, lower TC mixers have reduced dynamic range and saturate more easily due to background noise. We present 30 GHz microwave measurements on a bilayer HEB system, Nb–Au, in which TC can be tuned with Au layer thickness to obtain the maximum sensitivity for a given noise background. These measurements are intended as a guide for the optimization of THz mixers. Using a Nb–Au mixer with TC = 1.6 K, we obtain TM = 50 K with 2 nW of local oscillator (LO) power. Good mixer performance is observed over a wide range of LO power and bias voltage and such a device should not exhibit saturation in a THz receiver.
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Call Number Serial 571
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Author Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman
Title Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 84 Issue 26 Pages 5338-5340
Keywords SSPD, NEP, QE
Abstract We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength.
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Call Number Serial 532
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Author Zwiller, V.; Aichele, T.; Seifert, W.; Persson, J.; Benson, O.
Title Generating visible single photons on demand with single InP quantum dots Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 82 Issue 10 Pages 1509-1511
Keywords single photon, quantum dot, InP
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Call Number Serial 503
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Author Ganzevles, W. F. M.; Gao, J. R.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Klapwijk, T. M.
Title Direct response of microstrip line coupled Nb THz hot-electron bolometer mixers Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 79 Issue 15 Pages 2483-2485
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Call Number Serial 311
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Author Zwiller, Vale<cc><81>ry; Blom, Hans; Jonsson, Per; Panev, Nikolay; Jeppesen, Sören; Tsegaye, Tedros; Goobar, Edgard; Pistol, Mats-Erik; Samuelson, Lars; Björk, Gunnar
Title Single quantum dots emit single photons at a time: Antibunching experiments Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Applied Physics Letters Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 78 Issue 17 Pages 2476
Keywords antibunching, quantum dot
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Call Number Serial 502
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