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Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V. |
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Title |
Low noise hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz frequencies |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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J. Low Temp. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Low Temp. Phys. |
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151 |
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1-2 |
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575-579 |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, gain bandwidth, MgB2 |
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Hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers are used in many low noise heterodyne radio astronomical receivers. Their noise temperature is at the level of 10–15 times the quantum limit. However, their gain bandwidth is a serious limiting factor. Here we review the state of the art of the HEB mixers gain bandwidth for different materials and substrates. We compare the gain bandwidth of HEB mixers made on bulk substrates and thin membranes. Finally, results for MgB2 thin films for broadband HEB mixers are discussed. |
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0022-2291 |
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RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ |
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553 |
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Martini, F.; Cibella, S.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R. |
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Title |
Waveguide integrated hot electron bolometer for classical and quantum photonics |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
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Opt. Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
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29 |
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6 |
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7956-7965 |
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Keywords |
waveguide HEB |
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The development of performant integrated detectors, which are sensitive to quantum fluctuations of coherent light, are strongly desired to realize a scalable and determinist photonic quantum processor based on continuous variables states of light. Here, we investigate the performance of hot electron bolometers (HEBs) fabricated on top of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic circuit showing responsivities up to 8600 V/W and a record noise equivalent temperature of 1.1 dB above the quantum limit. Thanks to a detailed analysis of the noise sources of the waveguide integrated HEB, we estimate 14.8 dBV clearance between the shot noise and electrical noise with just 1.1microW of local oscillator power. The full technology compatibility with superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) opens the possibility of nonclassical state engineering and state tomography performed within the same platform, enabling a new class of optical quantum processors. |
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English |
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1094-4087 |
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PMID:33820252 |
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1212 |
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Pentin, I.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K. |
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Hot electron energy relaxation time in vanadium nitride superconducting film structures under THz and IR radiation |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Sci. Rep. |
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Sci. Rep. |
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10 |
Issue |
1 |
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16819 |
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VN HEB |
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The paper presents the experimental results of studying the dynamics of electron energy relaxation in structures made of thin (d approximately 6 nm) disordered superconducting vanadium nitride (VN) films converted to a resistive state by high-frequency radiation and transport current. Under conditions of quasi-equilibrium superconductivity and temperature range close to critical (~ Tc), a direct measurement of the energy relaxation time of electrons by the beats method arising from two monochromatic sources with close frequencies radiation in sub-THz region (omega approximately 0.140 THz) and sources in the IR region (omega approximately 193 THz) was conducted. The measured time of energy relaxation of electrons in the studied VN structures upon heating of THz and IR radiation completely coincided and amounted to (2.6-2.7) ns. The studied response of VN structures to IR (omega approximately 193 THz) picosecond laser pulses also allowed us to estimate the energy relaxation time in VN structures, which was ~ 2.8 ns and is in good agreement with the result obtained by the mixing method. Also, we present the experimentally measured volt-watt responsivity (S~) within the frequency range omega approximately (0.3-6) THz VN HEB detector. The estimated values of noise equivalent power (NEP) for VN HEB and its minimum energy level (deltaE) reached NEP@1MHz approximately 6.3 x 10(-14) W/ radicalHz and deltaE approximately 8.1 x 10(-18) J, respectively. |
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National Research University Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya Str., Moscow, 101000, Russia |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:33033360; PMCID:PMC7546726 |
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1797 |
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Kitaeva, G. K.; Kornienko, V. V.; Kuznetsov, K. A.; Pentin, I. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B. |
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Title |
Direct detection of the idler THz radiation generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
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Opt. Lett. |
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Opt. Lett. |
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44 |
Issue |
5 |
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1198-1201 |
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HEB applications |
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We study parametric down-conversion (PDC) of optical laser radiation in the strongly frequency non-degenerate regime which is promising for the generation of quantum-correlated pairs of extremely different spectral ranges, the optical and the terahertz (THz) ones. The possibility to detect tenuous THz-frequency photon fluxes generated under low-gain spontaneous PDC is demonstrated using a hot electron bolometer. Then experimental dependences of the THz radiation power on the detection angle and on the pump intensity are analyzed. |
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0146-9592 |
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PMID:30821747 |
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1801 |
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Author |
Wei, Jian; Olaya, David; Karasik, Boris S.; Pereverzev, Sergey V.; Sergeev, Andrei V.; Gershenson, Michael E. |
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Title |
Ultrasensitive hot-electron nanobolometers for terahertz astrophysics |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Nature Nanotechnology |
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Nature Nanotech |
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3 |
Issue |
8 |
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496-500 |
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Keywords |
HEB, Ti/NbN, single terahertz photons, detection |
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The submillimetre or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum contains approximately half of the total luminosity of the Universe and 98% of all the photons emitted since the Big Bang. This radiation is strongly absorbed in the Earth's atmosphere, so space-based terahertz telescopes are crucial for exploring the evolution of the Universe. Thermal emission from the primary mirrors in these telescopes can be reduced below the level of the cosmic background by active cooling, which expands the range of faint objects that can be observed. However, it will also be necessary to develop bolometers – devices for measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation—with sensitivities that are at least two orders of magnitude better than the present state of the art. To achieve this sensitivity without sacrificing operating speed, two conditions are required. First, the bolometer should be exceptionally well thermally isolated from the environment;
second, its heat capacity should be sufficiently small. Here we demonstrate that these goals can be achieved by building a superconducting hot-electron nanobolometer. Its design eliminates the energy exchange between hot electrons and the leads by blocking electron outdiffusion and photon emission. The thermal conductance between hot electrons and the thermal bath, controlled by electron–phonon interactions, becomes very small at low temperatures (10-16 WK-1 at 40 mK). These devices, with a heat capacity of 10-19 J K-1, are sufficiently sensitive to detect single terahertz photons in submillimetre astronomy and other applications based on quantum calorimetry and photon counting. |
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1748-3387 |
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