| Records |
| Author |
Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Krabbe, A.; Birk, M.; Wagner, G.; Semenov, A.; Gol’tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. |
| Title |
Parylene anti-reflection coating of a quasi-optical hot-electron-bolometric mixer at terahertz frequencies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
41-47 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, anti-reflection coating |
| Abstract |
Parylene C was investigated as anti-reflection coating for silicon at terahertz frequencies. Measurements with a Fourier-transform spectrometer show that the transmittance of pure silicon can be improved by about 30% when applying a layer of Parylene C with a quarter wavelength optical thickness. The 10% bandwidth of this coating extends from 1.5 to 3 THz for a center frequency of 2.3–2.5 THz, where the transmittance is constant. Heterodyne measurements demonstrate that the noise temperature of a hot-electron-bolometric mixer can be reduced significantly by coating the silicon lens of the hybrid antenna with a quarter wavelength Parylene C layer. Compared to the same mixer with an uncoated lens the improvement is about 30% at a frequency of 2.5 THz. |
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| ISSN |
1350-4495 |
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no |
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Serial |
1548 |
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| Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Hot electron bolometric mixers: new terahertz technology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
199-206 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
This paper presents an overview of recent results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers. The noise temperature of the receivers based on both quasioptical and waveguide versions of HEB mixers has crossed the level of 1 K GHz−1 at 430 GHz (410 K), 600–650 GHz (480 K), 750 GHz (600 K), 810 GHz (780 K) and is close to that level at 1.1 THz (1250 K) and 2.5 THz (4500 K). The gain bandwidth measured for quasioptical HEB mixer at 620 GHz reached 4 GHz and the noise temperature bandwidth was almost 8 GHz. Local oscillator power requirements are about 1 μW for mixers made by photolithography and about 100 nW for mixers made by e-beam lithography. A waveguide version of 800 GHz receiver was installed at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory on Mt. Graham, AZ, to conduct astronomical observations of known submillimeter lines (CO, J=7→6, CI, J=2→1). It was proved that the receiver works as a practical instrument. |
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1350-4495 |
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no |
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Serial |
1570 |
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| Author |
Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
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Pages |
334-337 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
| Abstract |
We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1875-3892 |
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no |
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Serial |
1381 |
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| Author |
Селиверстов, С. В.; Финкель, М. И.; Рябчун, С. А.; Воронов, Б. М.; Каурова, Н. С.; Селезнев, В. А.; Смирнов, К. В.; Вахтомин, Ю. Б.; Пентин, И. В.; Гольцман, Г. Н. |
| Title |
Терагерцевый сверхпроводниковый детектор с аттоджоулевым энергетическим разрешением и постоянной времени 25 пс |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Труды XVIII международного симпозиума «Нанофизика и наноэлектроника» |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
91-92 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB |
| Abstract |
Представлены результаты измерения энергетического разрешения терагерцевого сверхпроводникового NbN-детектора на эффектеэлектронного разогрева, работающего при температуре около 10 К. Использование инновационной in situ технологии производства привело к существенному улучшению чувствительности детектора. Увеличение быстродействия детектора было достигнуто за счет реализации дополнительного диффузионного канала охла-ждения электронной подсистемы. Измеренное значение эквивалентной мощности шума на частоте 2.5 ТГц составило 2.0×10-13Вт•Гц-0.5, постоянной времени 25 пс. Соответствующее расчетное значение энергетического разрешения составило 2.5 аДж. |
| Address |
Нижний Новгород, Россия |
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Russian |
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no |
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Serial |
1833 |
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| Author |
Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
J. of communications technol. & electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. of communications technol. & electronics |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
671-675 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer. |
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MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL |
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Edition |
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1064-2269 |
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| Notes |
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) |
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no |
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Vakhtomin2003 |
Serial |
1522 |
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| Author |
Ozhegov, R. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Yu. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Ultrafast superconducting bolometer receivers for terahertz applications |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proc. PIERS |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. PIERS |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
867 |
| Keywords |
HEB |
| Abstract |
The research by the group of Moscow State Pedagogical University into the hot-electron phenomena in thin superconducting films has led to the development of new types of detectors and their use both in fundamental and applied studies. In this paper, we present the results of testing the terahertz HEB receiver systems based on ultrathin (∼ 4 nm) NbN and MoRe detectors with a response time of 50 ps and 1 ns, respectively. We have developed three types of devices which differ in the way a terahertz signal is coupled to the detector and cover the following ranges: 0.3–3 THz, 0.1–30 THz and 25–70 THz. In the case of the receiving system optimized for 0.3–3 THz, the sensitive element (a strip of asuperconductor with planar dimensions of 0.2μm (length) by 1.7μm (width)) was integrated witha planar broadband log-spiral antenna. For additional focusing ofthe incident radiation a silicon hyperhemispherical lens was used. For the 0.1–30 THz receivingsystem, the sensitive element was patterned as parallel strips(2μm wide each) filling an area of 500×500μm2with a filling factor of 0.5. In the receivingsystem of this type we used direct coupling of the incident radiation to the sensitive element. Inthe 25–70 THz range (detector type 2/2a in Table 1) we used a square-shaped superconductingdetector with planar dimensions of 10×10μm2. Incident radiation was coupled to the detectorwith the use of a germanium hyperhemispherical lens.The response time of the above receiving systems is determined by the cooling rate of the hotelectrons in the film. That depends on the electron-phonon interaction time, which is less forultrathin NbN than in MoRe. |
| Address |
Moscow, Russia |
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The Electromagnetics Academy |
Place of Publication |
777 Concord Avenue, Suite 207 Cambridge, MA 02138 |
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1559-9450 |
ISBN |
978-1-934142-09-7 |
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no |
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RPLAB @ sasha @ ozhegovultrafast |
Serial |
1022 |
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| Author |
Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
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Issue |
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Pages |
11-17 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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Place of Publication |
Noordwijk |
Editor |
Armandillo, E.; Leone, B. |
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International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk |
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no |
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Serial |
1496 |
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| Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Goltsman, G.; Orlova, S.; Ptitsina, N.; Gurvich, Y. |
| Title |
Germanium hot-electron narrow-band detector |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Radio Engineering And Electronic Physics |
| Volume |
16 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1346 |
| Keywords |
Ge HEB detectors |
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Scripps Clinic Res Foundation 476 Prospect St, La Jolla, Ca 92037 |
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no |
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Serial |
1741 |
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| Author |
Kollberg, Erik L.; Gershenzon, E.; Goltsman, G.; Yngvesson, K. S. |
| Title |
Hot electron mixers, the potential competition |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. ESA Symp. on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
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Issue |
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Pages |
201-206 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
There is an urgent need in radio astronomy for low noise heterodyne receivers for frequencies above about 500 GHz. It is not certain that mixers based on superconducting quasiparticle tunnelling (SIS mixers) may turn out to be the answer to this need. In order to try to find an alternative way for realizing low noise heterodyne receivers for submillimeter waves, so called hot electron bolometric effects for mixing are now being investigated. Two basically different approaches are tried, one based on semiconductors and one on superconductors. Both methods are briefly discussed in this overview paper. |
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ESA Symposium on Photon Detectors for Space Instrumentation |
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no |
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Serial |
1667 |
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| Author |
Ekström, H.; Kroug, M.; Belitsky, V.; Kollberg, E.; Olsson, H.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S. |
| Title |
Hot electron mixers for THz applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Proc. 30th ESLAB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 30th ESLAB |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
207-210 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We have measured the noise performance of 35 A thin NbN HEB devices integrated with spiral antennas on antireflection coated silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. From the noise measurements we have determined a total conversion gain of the receiver of—16 dB, and an intrinsic conversion of about-10 dB. The IF bandwidth of the 35 A thick NbN devices is at least 3 GHz. The DSB receiver noise temperature is less than 1450 K. Without mismatch losses, which is possible to obtain with a shorter device, and with reduced loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a DSB receiver noise temperature of less ‘than 700 K. |
| Address |
Noordwijk, Netherlands |
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Editor |
Rolfe, E. J.; Pilbratt, G. |
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Submillimetre and Far-Infrared Space Instrumentation |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1606 |
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