| Records |
| Author |
Semenov, A.; Engel, A.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Siegel, M.; Hübers, H.-W. |
| Title |
Ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
171-178 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We analyze the ultimate performance of a superconducting quantum detector in order to meet requirements for applications in near-infrared astronomy and X-ray spectroscopy. The detector exploits a combined detection mechanism, in which avalanche quasiparticle multiplication and the supercurrent jointly produce a voltage response to a single absorbed photon via successive formation of a photon-induced and a current-induced normal hotspot in a narrow superconducting strip. The response time of the detector should increase with the photon energy providing energy resolution. Depending on the superconducting material and operation conditions, the cut-off wavelength for the single-photon detection regime varies from infrared waves to visible light. We simulated the performance of the background-limited infrared direct detector and X-ray photon counter utilizing the above mechanism. Low dark count rate and intrinsic low-frequency cut-off allow for realizing a background limited noise equivalent power of 10−20 W Hz−1/2 for a far-infrared direct detector exposed to 4-K background radiation. At low temperatures, the intrinsic response time of the counter is rather determined by diffusion of nonequilibrium electrons than by the rate of energy transfer to phonons. Therefore, thermal fluctuations do not hamper energy resolution of the X-ray photon counter that should be better than 10−3 for 6-keV photons. Comparison of new data obtained with a Nb based detector and previously reported results on NbN quantum detectors support our estimates of ultimate detector performance. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1286-0042 |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
534 |
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| Author |
Aksaev, E. E.; Gershenzon, E.M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Mirskij, G. I.; Semenov, A. D. |
| Title |
Submillimetric spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes with picosecond time resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
Abbreviated Journal |
Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
125-131 |
| Keywords |
BWO, applications |
| Abstract |
The high-sensitive automatic spectrometer-relaxometer based on backward-wave tubes in the range of 4÷0.25 mm was described permitting to study the response kinetics of sample under investigation in any point of this range with the resolution time of 10-11 s. The relaxation measurements were conducted using oscillation beats of two adequate tubes, the frequency of one of them was fixed, while that of the other one was changeable. The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the response under the conditions of synchronous reception was recorded at beat frequency variation from 107 to 1010 Hz. The high sensitivity was reached by decreasing the device recording band down to 100 Hz in the whole measuring range. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0032-8162 |
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no |
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Serial |
1683 |
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| Author |
Verevkin, A.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Chulkova, G. M.; Smirnov, K. S.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Direct measurements of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Mater. Sci. Forum |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mater. Sci. Forum |
| Volume |
384-3 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
107-116 |
| Keywords |
2DEG, AlGaAs/GaAs |
| Abstract |
A new microwave technique was successfully applied for direct studies of energy relaxation times in two-dimensional AlGaAs/GaAs structures under quasi-equilibrium conditions in the nanosecond and picosecond time scale. We report our results of energy relaxation time measurements in the temperature range 1.6-50 K, in quantum Hall effect regime in magnetic fields up to 4 T. |
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Conference |
Materials Science Forum |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1536 |
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| Author |
Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B. |
| Title |
Phonon cooled far-infrared hot electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
NASA/ADS |
Abbreviated Journal |
NASA/ADS |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum-limited sensitivity. At frequencies above 1.4 THz superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) can be used to achieve this goal. We present results of the development of a quasi-optical phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German heterodyne receiver for SOFIA. Different mixers with logarithmic spiral and double slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern at several frequencies between 0.7 THz and 5.2 THz. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 16 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. This performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for FIR heterodyne receivers. |
| Address |
Monterey, CA |
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Conference |
Far-IR, Sub-mm & MM Detector Technology Workshop, 1-3 April 2002 |
| Notes |
id.37 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1534 |
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| Author |
Karasik, B. S.; Il'in, K. S.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Pechen', E. V.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S. I. |
| Title |
Electron-phonon scattering rate in impure NbC films |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
NASA/ADS |
Abbreviated Journal |
NASA/ADS |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
Y35.08 |
| Keywords |
NbC films |
| Abstract |
The study of the electron-phonon interaction in thin (20 nm) NbC films with electron mean free path l=2-13 nm gives an evidence that electron scattering is significantly modified due to the interference between electron-phonon and elastic electron scattering from impurities. The interference ~T^2-term, which is proportional to the residual resistivity, dominates over the Bloch-Grüneisen contribution to resistivity at low temperatures up to 60 K. The electron energy relaxation rate is directly measured via the relaxation of hot electrons heated by modulated electromagnetic radiation. In the temperature range 1.5 – 10 K the relaxation rate shows a weak dependence on the electron mean free path and strong temperature dependence T^n with the exponent n = 2.5-3. This behaviour is well explained by the theory of the electron-phonon-impurity interference taking into account the electron coupling with transverse phonons determined from the resistivity data. |
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Conference |
American Physical Society, Annual March Meeting, March 16-20, 1998 Los Angeles, CA |
| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1591 |
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| Author |
Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Effect of electromagnetic radiation on a superconductor in a magnetic field |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
Abbreviated Journal |
Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
449-451 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
The effect of electromagnetic radiation on thin superconducting films of Nb with a large number of static defects is investigated experimentally for the case where the film is in the resistive state due to an applied magnetic field and transport current. The results obtained are found to be well described by a model of spatially homogeneous electron heating. It is noted that the results obtained here for Nb films are also valid for Al, NbN, and MoRe films. |
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Russian |
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| ISSN |
0367-6765 |
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Conference |
4th Vsesoiuznyi Seminar po Opticheskomu Detektirovaniiu Magnitnykh Rezonansov v Tverdykh Telakh, Tallin, Estonian SSR, Apr. 1987 |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1702 |
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| Author |
Gershenson, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elant'ev, A. I.; Kagane, M. L.; Multanovskii, V. V.; Ptitsina, N. G. |
| Title |
Use of submillimeter backward-wave tube spectroscopy in determination of the chemical nature and concentration of residual impurities in pure semiconductors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Sov. Phys. Semicond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sov. Phys. Semicond. |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
908-913 |
| Keywords |
BWO spectroscopy, pure semiconductors, residual impurities |
| Abstract |
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| Notes |
Применение субмиллиметровой ЛОВ спектроскопии для определения химической природы и концентрации примесей в чистых полупроводниках |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1714 |
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| Author |
Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
NbN hot electron bolometer mixers with superior performance for space applications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Int. workshop on low temp. electronics |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
11-17 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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Place of Publication |
Noordwijk |
Editor |
Armandillo, E.; Leone, B. |
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Conference |
International workshop on low temperature electronics- WOLTE 6 - Noordwijk |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1496 |
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| Author |
Boyarskii, D. A.; Gershenzon, V. E.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Ptitsina, N. G.; Tikhonov, V. V.; Chulkova, G. M. |
| Title |
On the possibility of determining the microstructural parameters of an oil-bearing layer from radiophysical measurement data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
J. of Communications Technology and Electronics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. of Communications Technology and Electronics |
| Volume |
41 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
408-414 |
| Keywords |
submillimeter waves, transmission |
| Abstract |
A method for the reconstruction of microstructural properties of an oil-bearing rock from the spectral dependence of the transmission factor of submillimeter waves is proposed. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1064-2269 |
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| Notes |
Радиотехника и электроника 41, no. 4 (1996): 441-447 |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1611 |
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| Author |
Kitaygorsky, Jennifer; Komissarov, I.; Jukna, A.; Minaeva, O.; Kaurova, N.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Tarkhov, M.; Voronov, B.; Milostnaya, I.; Gol'tsman, G.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Fluctuations in two-dimensional superconducting NbN nanobridges and nanostructures meanders |
Type |
Abstract |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Proc. APS March Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. APS March Meeting |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
L9.00013 |
| Keywords |
|
| Abstract |
We have observed fluctuations, manifested as sub-nanosecond to nanosecond transient, millivolt-amplitude voltage pulses, generated in two-dimensional NbN nanobridges, as well as in extended superconducting meander nanostructures, designed for single photon counting. Both nanobridges and nano-stripe meanders were biased at currents close to the critical current and measured in a range of temperatures from 1.5 to 8 K. During the tests, the devices were blocked from all incoming radiation by a metallic enclosure and shielded from any external magnetic fields. We attribute the observed spontaneous voltage pulses to the Kosterlitz-Thouless-type fluctuations, where the high enough applied bias current reduces the binding energy of vortex-antivortex pairs and, subsequently, thermal fluctuations break them apart causing the order parameter to momentarily reduce to zero, which in turn causes a transient voltage pulse. The duration of the voltage pulses depended on the device geometry (with the high-kinetic inductance meander structures having longer, nanosecond, pulses) while their rate was directly related to the biasing current as well as temperature. |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1027 |
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| Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Hot electron bolometric mixers: new terahertz technology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Infrared Physics & Technology |
| Volume |
40 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
199-206 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
This paper presents an overview of recent results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric (HEB) mixers. The noise temperature of the receivers based on both quasioptical and waveguide versions of HEB mixers has crossed the level of 1 K GHz−1 at 430 GHz (410 K), 600–650 GHz (480 K), 750 GHz (600 K), 810 GHz (780 K) and is close to that level at 1.1 THz (1250 K) and 2.5 THz (4500 K). The gain bandwidth measured for quasioptical HEB mixer at 620 GHz reached 4 GHz and the noise temperature bandwidth was almost 8 GHz. Local oscillator power requirements are about 1 μW for mixers made by photolithography and about 100 nW for mixers made by e-beam lithography. A waveguide version of 800 GHz receiver was installed at the Submillimeter Telescope Observatory on Mt. Graham, AZ, to conduct astronomical observations of known submillimeter lines (CO, J=7→6, CI, J=2→1). It was proved that the receiver works as a practical instrument. |
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Series Title |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1350-4495 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1570 |
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| Author |
Lindgren, M.; Currie, M.; Zeng, W.-S.; Sobolewski, R.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Picosecond response of a superconducting hot-electron NbN photodetector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
7-9 |
Pages |
423-428 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
The ps optical response of ultrathin NbN photodetectors has been studied by electro-optic sampling. The detectors were fabricated by patterning ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) NbN films deposited on sapphire by reactive magnetron sputtering into either a 5×10 μm2 microbridge or 25 1 μm wide, 5 μm long strips connected in parallel. Both structures were placed at the center of a 4 mm long coplanar waveguide covered with Ti/Au. The photoresponse was studied at temperatures ranging from 2.15 K to 10 K, with the samples biased in the resistive (switched) state and illuminated with 100 fs wide laser pulses at 395 nm wavelength. At T=2.15 K, we obtained an approximately 100 ps wide transient, which corresponds to a NbN detector response time of 45 ps. The photoresponse can be attributed to the nonequilibrium electron heating effect, where the incident radiation increases the temperature of the electron subsystem, while the phonons act as the heat sink. The high-speed response of NbN devices makes them an excellent choice for an optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital circuits, as well as mixers for the terahertz regime. The multiple-strip detector showed a linear dependence on input optical power and a responsivity =3.9 V/W. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0964-1807 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1584 |
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| Author |
Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. |
| Title |
2.5 THz heterodyne receiver with NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
372-376 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
448-453 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
| Abstract |
We describe a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver for applications in astronomy and atmospheric research. The receiver employs a superconducting NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer mixer and an optically pumped far-infrared gas laser as local oscillator. 2200 K double sideband mixer noise temperature was measured at 2.5 THz across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. The total conversion losses were 17 dB. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring the methanol line in emission. Observed pressure broadening confirms the true heterodyne detection regime of the mixer. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0921-4534 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1526 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Khosropanah, P.; Adam, A.; Kollberg, E.; Loudkov, D.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Richter, H.; Huebers, H.-W. |
| Title |
1.6 THz heterodyne receiver for the far infrared space telescope |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
372-376 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
427-431 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
| Abstract |
A low noise heterodyne receiver is being developed for the terahertz range using a phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric mixer based on 3.5 nm thick superconducting NbN film. In the 1–2 GHz intermediate frequency band the double-sideband receiver noise temperature was 450 K at 0.6 THz, 700 K at 1.6 THz and 1100 K at 2.5 THz. In the 3–8 GHz IF band the lowest receiver noise temperature was 700 K at 0.6 THz, 1500 K at 1.6 THz and 3000 K at 2.5 THz while it increased by a factor of 3 towards 8 GHz. |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0921-4534 |
ISBN |
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no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
1527 |
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| Author |
Cherednichenko, S.; Rönnung, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.; Winkler, D. |
| Title |
YBa2Cu3O7−δ hot-electron bolometer mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
341-348 |
Issue |
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Pages |
2653-2654 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We present an investigation of hot-electron bolometric mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) superconducting thin film. Mixer conversion loss, absorbed local oscillator power and intermediate frequency bandwidth was measured at the local oscillator frequency 600 GHz. The fabrication technique for nanoscale YBCO hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer integrated into planar antenna structure is described. |
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| ISSN |
0921-4534 |
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1552 |
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