Hesler, J. L., Hui, K., & Crowe, T. W. (1999). A fixed–tuned 400 GHz subharmonic mixer using planar Schottky diods. In Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (95). Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Merkel, H., Khosropanah, P., Yagubov, P., & Kollberg, E. (1999). A hot spot mixer model for superconducting phonone–cooled HEB far above the quasipartical band gap. In Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 592–606). Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Wyss, R. A., Karasik, B. S., McGrath, W. R., Bamble, B., & LeDuc, H. (1999). Noise and bandwidth measurements of diffusion–cooled Nb hot–electron bolometer mixers at frequencies above the superconductive energy gap. In Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 215–229). Charlottesville, Virginia.
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Pan, S. K., A. R. Kerr, M. W. P., Lauria, E. F., Crady, W. K., Horner, N., Srikanth, J. S., et al. (2004). A fixed-tuned integrated SIS mixer with ultra-wideband IF and quantum-limited sensitivity for ALMA band 3 (84-116 GHz) receivers. In Proc. 15th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (pp. 55–61). Northampton, MA.
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Khosropanah, P., Gao, J. R., Laauwen, W. M., Hajenius, M., & Klapwijk, T. M. (2007). Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz. Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 221111 (1 to 3).
Abstract: We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations.
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