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Kosako, Terukazu; Kadoya, Yutaka; Hofmann, Holger F. |
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Title |
Directional control of light by a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna |
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2010 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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4 |
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312 - 315 |
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optical antennas |
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The plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles can direct light from optical emitters in much the same way that radiofrequency antennas direct the emission from electrical circuits. Recently, rapid progress has been made in the realization of single-element antennas for optical waves. Because most of these devices are designed to optimize the local near-field coupling between the antenna and an emitter, the possibility of modifying the spatial radiation pattern has not yet received as much attention. In the radiofrequency regime, a typical antenna design for high directivity is the Yagi–Uda antenna, which essentially consists of a one-dimensional array of antenna elements driven by a single feed element. By fabricating a corresponding array of nanoparticles, similar radiation patterns can be obtained in the optical regime. Here, we present the experimental demonstration of directional control of radiation from a nano-optical Yagi–Uda antenna composed of appropriately tuned gold nanorods. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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747 |
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Brida, G.; Genovese, M.; Ruo Berchera, I. |
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Title |
Experimental realization of sub-shot-noise quantum imaging |
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2010 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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4 |
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4 |
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227-230 |
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fromIPMRAS |
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The properties of quantum states have led to the development of new technologies, ranging from quantum information to quantum metrology. A recent field of research to emerge is quantum imaging, which aims to overcome the limits of classical imaging by making use of the spatial properties of quantum states of light . In particular, quantum correlations between twin beams represent a fundamental resource for these studies. One of the most interesting proposed schemes takes advantage of the spatial quantum correlations between parametric down-conversion light beams to realize sub-shot-noise imaging of weak absorbing objects, leading ideally to noise-free imaging. Here, we present the first experimental realization of this scheme, showing its potential to achieve a larger signal-to-noise ratio than classical imaging methods. This work represents the starting point for this quantum technology, which we anticipate will have applications when there is a requirement for low-photon-flux illumination (for example for use with biological samples). |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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771 |
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Kok, Pieter |
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Title |
Quantum optics: Entangled photons report for duty |
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2010 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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4 |
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8 |
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504-505 |
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fromIPMRAS |
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Entangled photons are a key ingredient in optical quantum technologies, but researchers have so far been unable to produce a single pair of entangled photons. Now, two groups from China and Austria independently report just that, with a technique that avoids the need to infer entanglement from detection signatures. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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772 |
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Pirandola, Stefano; Mancini, Stefano; Lloyd, Seth; Braunstein, Samuel L. |
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Continuous-variable quantum cryptography using two-way quantum communication |
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2008 |
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Nature Physics |
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Nat. Phys. |
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4 |
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9 |
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726-730 |
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Quantum cryptography has recently been extended to continuous-variable systems, such as the bosonic modes of the electromagnetic field possessing continuous degrees of freedom. In particular, several cryptographic protocols have been proposed and experimentally implemented using bosonic modes with Gaussian statistics. These protocols have shown the possibility of reaching very high secret key rates, even in the presence of strong losses in the quantum communication channel. Despite this robustness to loss, their security can be affected by more general attacks where extra Gaussian noise is introduced by the eavesdropper. Here, we show a `hardware solution' for enhancing the security thresholds of these protocols. This is possible by extending them to two-way quantum communication where subsequent uses of the quantum channel are suitably combined. In the resulting two-way schemes, one of the honest parties assists the secret encoding of the other, with the chance of a non-trivial superadditive enhancement of the security thresholds. These results should enable the extension of quantum cryptography to more complex quantum communications. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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798 |
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Bonifas, Andrew P.; McCreery, Richard L. |
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‘Soft’ Au, Pt and Cu contacts for molecular junctions through surface-diffusion-mediated deposition |
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2010 |
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Nature Nanotechnology |
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Nat. Nanotech. |
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5 |
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8 |
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612–617 |
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Virtually all types of molecular electronic devices depend on electronically addressing a molecule or molecular layer through the formation of a metallic contact. The introduction of molecular devices into integrated circuits will probably depend on the formation of contacts using a vapour deposition technique, but this approach frequently results in the metal atoms penetrating or damaging the molecular layer. Here, we report a method of forming 'soft' metallic contacts on molecular layers through surface-diffusion-mediated deposition, in which the metal atoms are deposited remotely and then diffuse onto the molecular layer, thus eliminating the problems of penetration and damage. Molecular junctions fabricated by this method exhibit excellent yield (typically >90%) and reproducibility, and allow examination of the effects of molecular-layer structure, thickness and contact work function. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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682 |
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Freer, Erik M.; Grachev, Oleg; Duan, Xiangfeng; Martin, Samuel; Stumbo, David P. |
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High-yield self-limiting single-nanowire assembly with dielectrophoresis |
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2010 |
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Nature Nanotechnology |
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Nat. Nanotech. |
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5 |
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7 |
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525–530 |
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Single-crystal nanowire transistors and other nanowire-based devices could have applications in large-area and flexible electronics if conventional top-down fabrication techniques can be integrated with high-precision bottom-up nanowire assembly. Here, we extend dielectrophoretic nanowire assembly to achieve a 98.5% yield of single nanowires assembled over 16,000 patterned electrode sites with submicrometre alignment precision. The balancing of surface, hydrodynamic and dielectrophoretic forces makes the self-assembly process controllable, and a hydrodynamic force component makes it self-limiting. Our approach represents a methodology to quantify nanowire assembly, and makes single nanowire assembly possible over an area limited only by the ability to reproduce process conditions uniformly. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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683 |
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Konstantatos, Gerasimos; Sargent, Edward H. |
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Nanostructured materials for photon detection |
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2010 |
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Nature Nanotechnology |
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Nat. Nanotech. |
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5 |
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6 |
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391–400 |
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The detection of photons underpins imaging, spectroscopy, fibre-optic communications and time-gated distance measurements. Nanostructured materials are attractive for detection applications because they can be integrated with conventional silicon electronics and flexible, large-area substrates, and can be processed from the solution phase using established techniques such as spin casting, spray coating and layer-by-layer deposition. In addition, their performance has improved rapidly in recent years. Here we review progress in light sensing using nanostructured materials, focusing on solution-processed materials such as colloidal quantum dots and metal nanoparticles. These devices exhibit phenomena such as absorption of ultraviolet light, plasmonic enhancement of absorption, size-based spectral tuning, multiexciton generation, and charge carrier storage in surface and interface traps. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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684 |
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Novotny, Lukas; van Hulst, Niek |
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Antennas for light |
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2011 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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5 |
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2 |
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83-90 |
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optical antennas |
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Optical antennas are devices that convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and vice versa. They enable the control and manipulation of optical fields at the nanometre scale, and hold promise for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photodetection, light emission and sensing. Although many of the properties and parameters of optical antennas are similar to their radiowave and microwave counterparts, they have important differences resulting from their small size and the resonant properties of metal nanostructures. This Review summarizes the physical properties of optical antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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748 |
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Kono, Junichiro |
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Coherent terahertz control |
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2011 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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5 |
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5-6 |
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fromIPMRAS |
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Spin and charge terahertz excitations in solids are promising for implementing future technologies such as spintronics and quantum computation, but coherently controlling them has been a significant challenge. Researchers have now manipulated coherent spin waves in an antiferromagnet using the intense magnetic field of ultrashort terahertz pulses. |
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773 |
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Paiella, Roberto |
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Terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Going ultrafast |
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2011 |
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Nature Photonics |
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Nat. Photon. |
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5 |
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253–255 |
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A new asynchronous coherent optical sampling method allows for the direct visualization of actively mode-locked quantum cascade laser pulses at terahertz wavelengths. |
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774 |
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