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| Author | Klapwijk, T. M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A. | ||||
| Title | Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Proc. SPIE | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. SPIE |
Volume  |
5498 | Issue | Pages | 129-139 | |
| Keywords | HEB mixer distributed model, numerical model | ||||
| Abstract | Improved and reproducible heterodyne mixing (noise temperatures of 950 K at 2.5 THz) has been realized with NbN based hot-electron superconducting devices with low contact resistances. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, has been used to understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We find that the mixing is predominantly due to the exponential rise of the local resistivity as a function of electron temperature. | ||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Invited talk, Recommended by Klapwijk | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 912 | |||
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| Author | Kooi, J. W.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Dieleman, P.; Baryshev, A.; de Lange, G. | ||||
| Title | IF impedance and mixer gain of NbN hot electron bolometers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
101 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 044511 |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ | Serial | 445 | ||
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| Author | Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Kooi, J. W.; Jellema, W.; Yang, Z. Q. | ||||
| Title | Full characterization and analysis of a terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume |
100 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 074507 |
| Keywords | HEB | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ | Serial | 385 | ||
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| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Influence of the direct response on the heterodyne sensitivity of hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Phys. |
| Volume |
100 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 084510 (1 to 7) |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
| Abstract | We present a detailed experimental study of the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 673GHz. We find that the small signal noise temperature, relevant for an astronomical observation, is 20% lower than the noise temperature obtained using 300 and 77K calibration loads. In a separate set of experiments we show that the direct detection effect is caused by a combination of bias current reduction when switching from the 77 to the 300K load in combination with the bias current dependence of the receiver gain. The bias current dependence of the receiver gain is shown to be mainly caused by the current dependence of the mixer gain. |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0021-8979 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1442 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Zhang, W.; Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Kollberg, E. L.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Bansal, T.; Barends, R.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Quantum noise in a terahertz hot electron bolometer mixer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
96 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 111113-(1-3) |
| Keywords | HEB mixer, quantum limit, quantum noise, vacuum box, THz, Terahertz | ||||
| Abstract | We have measured the noise temperature of a single, sensitive superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer in a frequency range from 1.6 to 5.3 THz, using a setup with all the key components in vacuum. By analyzing the measured receiver noise temperature using a quantum noise (QN) model for HEB mixers, we confirm the effect of QN. The QN is found to be responsible for about half of the receiver noise at the highest frequency in our measurements. The beta-factor (the quantum efficiency of the HEB) obtained experimentally agrees reasonably well with the calculated value. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 624 | |||
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| Author | Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
91 | Issue | Pages | 221111 (1 to 3) | |
| Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning | ||||
| Abstract | We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 584 | |||
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| Author | Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Tichelaar, F. D.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Grishin, E.; Gol’tsman, G.; Zorman, C. A.; Mehregany, M. | ||||
| Title | Monocrystalline NbN nanofilms on a 3C-SiC∕Si substrate | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
91 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 062504 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | NbN films, nanofilms | ||||
| Abstract | The authors have realized NbN (100) nanofilms on a 3C-SiC (100)/Si(100) substrate by dc reactive magnetron sputtering at 800°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to characterize the films, showing a monocrystalline structure and confirming epitaxial growth on the 3C-SiC layer. A film ranging in thickness from 3.4to4.1nm shows a superconducting transition temperature of 11.8K, which is the highest reported for NbN films of comparable thickness. The NbN nano-films on 3C-SiC offer a promising alternative to improve terahertz detectors. For comparison, NbN nanofilms grown directly on Si substrates are also studied by HRTEM. The authors acknowledge S. V. Svetchnikov at National Centre for HRTEM at Delft, who prepared the specimens for HRTEM inspections. This work was supported by the EU through RadioNet and INTAS. |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 1425 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Barends, R.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
| Title | Current-induced vortex unbinding in bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
87 | Issue | Pages | 263506 (1 to 3) | |
| Keywords | HEB mixer numerical model, HEB model, IV-curves, vortex-antivortex, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model, self-heating effect, temperature profile | ||||
| Abstract | We present a description of the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometers in terms of the current-dependent intrinsic resistive transition of NbN films. We find that, by including this current dependence, we can correctly predict the complete current-voltage characteristics, showing excellent agreement with measurements for both low and high bias and for small as well as large devices. It is assumed that the current dependence is due to vortex-antivortex unbinding as described in the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory. The presented approach will be useful in guiding device optimization for noise and bandwidth. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 604 | |||
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| Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
| Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
| Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
| Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
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| Author | Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. | ||||
| Title | Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
| Volume |
86 | Issue | Pages | 244104 (1 to 3) | |
| Keywords | HEB, QCL | ||||
| Abstract | We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 905 | |||
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