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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Lecomte, B.; Dauplay, F.; Krieg, J. M.; Delorme, Y.; Feret, A.; Hübers, H. W.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.
Title 2.5 THz multipixel heterodyne receiver based on NbN HEB mixers Type Conference Article
Year 2006 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE
Volume (down) 6275 Issue Pages 62750I (1 to 11)
Keywords HEB, mixer, membrane
Abstract A 16 pixel heterodyne receiver for 2.5 THz has been developed based on NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The receiver uses a quasioptical RF coupling approach where HEB mixers are integrated into double dipole antennas on 1.5 µm thick Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. Spherical mirrors (one per pixel) and backshort distance from the antenna have been used to design the output mixer beam profile. The camera design allows all 16 pixel IF readout in parallel. The gain bandwidth of the HEB mixers on Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was found to be 0.7÷0.9 GHz, which is much smaller than for similar devices on silicon. Application of buffer layers and use of alternative types of membranes (e.g. silicon-on-insulator) is under investigation.
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Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 561
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.
Title 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver with NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
Year 2002 Publication Phys. C: Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Phys. C: Supercond.
Volume (down) 372-376 Issue Pages 448-453
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, applications
Abstract We describe a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver for applications in astronomy and atmospheric research. The receiver employs a superconducting NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron-bolometer mixer and an optically pumped far-infrared gas laser as local oscillator. 2200 K double sideband mixer noise temperature was measured at 2.5 THz across a 1 GHz intermediate frequency bandwidth centred at 1.5 GHz. The total conversion losses were 17 dB. The mixer response was linear at load temperatures smaller than 400 K. The receiver was tested in the laboratory environment by measuring the methanol line in emission. Observed pressure broadening confirms the true heterodyne detection regime of the mixer.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0921-4534 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1526
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Author Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sergeev, A. V.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Electron-phonon interaction in disordered NbN films Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Phys. B Condens. Mat. Abbreviated Journal Phys. B Condens. Mat.
Volume (down) 194-196 Issue Pages 1355-1356
Keywords NbN films
Abstract Electron-phonon interaction time has been investigated in disordered films of NbN. A temperatures below 5.5 K tau_eph ~ T -1"6 which is attributed to the renormalisation of phonon spectrum in thin films.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0921-4526 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1649
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Author Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gogidze, I. G.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
Title Processes of electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Phys. C: Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Phys. C: Supercond.
Volume (down) 185-189 Issue Pages 1371-1372
Keywords YBCO HTS detectors
Abstract The ultrafast voltage response of YBaCuO films to laser radiation is studied and compared with previously investigated quasiparicles response to radiation of submillimeter wavelength range. Voltage shift under the visible light radiation has two components. Picosecond response realized as suppression superconductivity by nonequilibrium excess quasiparticles, response time is determined by quasiparticles recombination rate. Nanosecond response is probably due to bolometric effect.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0921-4534 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1676
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Author Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Electron-phonon interaction in thin YBaCuO films and fast detectors Type Conference Article
Year 1993 Publication Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Abbreviated Journal Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Volume (down) 112 Issue Pages 184-185
Keywords YBCO HTS detectors
Abstract The thin. YBaCuO film response to laser and submillimeter radiation demonstrates the picosecond nonequilibrium peak on the nanosecond bolometric background. Experimental data give an evidence for the spectral dependence of picosecond photoresponse probably due to a poor efficiency of electron multiplication processes. Presented results prove an availability of fast YBaCuO thin film detector.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Area Expedition Conference Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1662
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Author Heusinger, M. A.; Nebosis,R. S.; Schatz, W.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Temperature dependence of bolometric and non-bolometric photoresponse of a structured YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film Type Conference Article
Year 1993 Publication Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Abbreviated Journal Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Volume (down) 112 Issue Pages 193-195
Keywords YBCO HTS detectors
Abstract We investigated the temperature dependence of the transient voltage photoresponse of a current biased structured YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film in its transition temperature region, around 79 K. Both, picosecond nonbolometric and nanosecond bolometric response to ultrashort far-infrared laser pulses were found for frequencies between 25 cm−1 and 215 cm−1. We will discuss optimum conditions for radiation detection and present an analysis of the dynamical behaviour of excited high T c thin films.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1663
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Author Sergeev, A. V.; Aksaev, E. E.; Gogidze, I. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Thermal boundary resistance at YBaCuO film-substrate interface Type Conference Article
Year 1993 Publication Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Abbreviated Journal Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter VII. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
Volume (down) 112 Issue Pages 405-406
Keywords YBCO films
Abstract The nanosecond voltage response of YBaCuo films on Al2O3, MgO and ZrO2 substrates to electromagnetic radiation of millimeter and visible ranges has been investigated. The analysis of experimental conditions for Al2O3 and MgO substrates shows that the resistance change is monitored by the Kapitza boundary shift of temperature during the temporal interval ~ 100 ns limited by the time of phonon return from a substrate into a film. The observed exponential voltage decay is described by the phonon escape time which is proportional to the film thickness and is weakly temperature dependent.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor Meissner, M.; Pohl, R. O.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference Seventh International Conference, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, August 3-7, 1992
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1665
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Schubert, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Elantiev, A. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Design and performance of the lattice-cooled hot-electron terahertz mixer Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume (down) 88 Issue 11 Pages 6758-6767
Keywords HEB mixer, charge imbalance, HF current distribution
Abstract We present the measurements and the theoreticalmodel of the frequency-dependent noise temperature of a superconductor lattice-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer in the terahertz frequency range. The increase of the noise temperature with frequency is a cumulative effect of the nonuniform distribution of the high-frequency current in the bolometer and the charge imbalance, which occurs at the edges of the normal domain and at the contacts with normal metal. We show that under optimal operation the fluctuation sensitivity of the mixer is determined by thermodynamic fluctuations of the noise power, whereas at small biases there appears additional noise, which is probably due to the flux flow. We propose the prescription of how to minimize the influence of the current distribution on the mixer performance.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 306
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Gol’tsman, G. N.
Title Nonthermal mixing mechanism in a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume (down) 87 Issue 1 Pages 502-510
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, nonthermal
Abstract We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron detector fabricated from clean superconducting material with low transition temperature. The distinctive feature of a clean material, i.e., material with large electron mean free path, is a relatively weak inelastic electron scattering that is not sufficient for the establishment of an elevated thermodynamic electron temperature when the detector is subjected to irradiation. We propose an athermal model of a diffusion-cooled detector that relies on suppression of the superconducting energy gap by the actual dynamic distribution of excess quasiparticles. The resistive state of the device is caused by the electric field penetrating into the superconducting bridge from metal contacts. The dependence of the penetration length on the energy gap delivers the detection mechanism. The sources of the electric noise are equilibrium fluctuations of the number of thermal quasiparticles and frequency dependent shot noise. Using material parameters typical for A1, we evaluate performance of the device in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have a noise temperature of a few quantum limits and a bandwidth of a few tens of GHz, while the required local oscillator power is in the μW range due to ineffective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1558
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Author Gershenzon, E. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
Title Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Solid State Communications Abbreviated Journal Solid State Communications
Volume (down) 76 Issue 4 Pages 493-497
Keywords YBCO HTS detectors
Abstract The ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter to near infrared. With the rise of radiation frequency the Josephson detection at the grain boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. Electron-phonon relaxation time τeph is determined by direct measurements and analyses quasistationary electron heating. Temperature dependence of τeph at T ≤ 40 K was found to be τeph ∼ T−1. The results show that detectors with the response time of few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0038-1098 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1685
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Author Gousev, Yu. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Nebosis, R. S.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.
Title Broadband ultrafast superconducting NbN detector for electromagnetic radiation Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume (down) 75 Issue 7 Pages 3695-3697
Keywords NbN HEB
Abstract An ultrafast detector that is sensitive to radiation in a broad spectral range from submillimeter waves to visible light is reported. It consists of a structured NbN thin film cooled to a temperature below Tc (∼11 K). Using 20 ps pulses of a GaAs laser, we observed signal pulses with both rise and decay time of about 50 ps. From the analysis of a mixing experiment with submillimeter radiation we estimate an intrinsic response time of the detector of ∼12 ps. The sensitivity was found to be similar for the near‐infrared and submillimeter radiation. Broadband sensitivity and short response time are attributed to a quasiparticle heating effect.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 252
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Author Nebosis, R. S.; Steinke, R.; Lang, P. T.; Schatz, W.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Semenov, A. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δdetector for far‐infrared radiation Type Journal Article
Year 1992 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume (down) 72 Issue 11 Pages 5496-5499
Keywords YBCO HTS detectors
Abstract We report on a picosecond YBa2Cu3O7−δ detector for far‐infrared radiation. The detector, consisting of a current carrying structure cooled to liquid‐nitrogen temperature, was studied by use of ultrashort laser pulses from an optically pumped far‐infrared laser in the frequency range from 25 to 215 cm−1. We found that the sensitivity (1 mV/W) was almost constant in this frequency range. We estimated a noise equivalent power of less than 5×10−7 W Hz−1/2. Taking into account the results of a mixing experiment (in the frequency range from 4 to 30 cm−1) we suggest that the response time of the detector was few picoseconds.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1668
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Author Gershenzon, E. M.; Gershenzon, M. E.; Goltsman, G. N.; Lulkin, A.; Semenov, A. D.; Sergeev, A. V.
Title Electron-phonon interaction in ultrathin Nb films Type Journal Article
Year 1990 Publication Sov. Phys. JETP Abbreviated Journal Sov. Phys. JETP
Volume (down) 70 Issue 3 Pages 505-511
Keywords Nb films
Abstract A study was made of the heating of electrons in normal resistive states of superconducting thin Nb films. The directly determined relaxation time of the resistance of a sample and the rise of the electron temperature were used to find the electron-phonon interaction time rep,, The dependence of rep, on the mean free path of electrons re,, a 1-'demonstrated, in agreement with the theoretical predictions, that the contribution of the inelastic scattering of electrons by impurities to the energy relaxation process decreased at low temperatures and the observed temperature dependence rep, a T 2 was due to a modification of the phonon spectrum in thin fllms.

1. Much new information on the electron-phonon interaction time?;,, in thin films of normal metals and superconductors has been published recently. This information has been obtained mainly as a result of two types of measurement. One includes experiments on weak electron localization investigated by the method of quantum interference corrections to the conductivity of disordered conductors, which can be used to find the relaxation time T, of the phase of the electron wave function. In the absence of the scattering of electrons by paramagnetic impurities the relaxation time T, is associated with the most effective process of energy relaxation: T;= TL+ rep;, where T,, is the electronelectron relaxation time. At low temperatures, when the dependence T; a T is exhibited by thin disordered films, the dominant channel is that of the electron-electron relaxation and there is a lower limit to the temperature range in which rep, can be investigated.
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Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 241
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Author Gousev, Yu. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Pechen, E. V.; Varlashkin, A. V.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk K. F
Title Coupling of terahertz radiation to a high-Т(с) superconducting hot electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.,
Volume (down) 69 Issue Pages 691-693
Keywords
Abstract We report on efficient coupling of THz radiation to a high-T(c) superconducting hot electron bolometer that is suitable for heterodyne detection. Our quasioptical system consisted of a planar self-complementary spiral antenna on a dielectric substrate clamped to an extended hyperhemispherical lens. The antenna was integrated into a co-planar line for broadband intermediate frequency matching. Measurements in the homodyne regime at a frequency of 2.5 THz showed a radiation pattern with a beam width of 1° and a coupling efficiency of 0.1. We measured, at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz, an output noise temperature of'160 K and estimated for the device, operated in the heterodyne regime, a system noise temperature of 30 000 K. We also discuss possibilities of significant improvement of the sensitivity.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 958
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk, K. F.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Syomash, V. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Heterodyne detection of THz radiation with a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
Year 1996 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume (down) 69 Issue 2 Pages 260-262
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We report on the use of a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer for heterodyne detection of terahertz radiation. Radiation with a wavelength of 119 μm was coupled to the mixer, a NbN microbridge, by a hybrid quasioptical antenna consisting of an extended hyperhemispherical lens and a planar logarithmic spiral antenna. We found, at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz, a system double side band noise temperature of ≊40 000 K and conversion losses of 25 dB. We also discuss the possibilities of further improvement of the mixer performance.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1610
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