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Author | Khosropanah, P.; Gao, J. R.; Laauwen, W. M.; Hajenius, M; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Low noise NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 4.3 THz | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | Pages | 221111 (1 to 3) | |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers, NbN, contacts cleaning | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the sensitivity of a superconducting NbN hot electron bolometer mixer integrated with a spiral antenna at 4.3 THz. Using hot/cold blackbody loads and a beam splitter all in vacuum, we measured a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1300 K at the optimum local oscillator (LO) power of 330 nW, which is about 12 times the quantum noise (hnu/2kB). Our result indicates that there is no sign of degradation of the mixing process at the superterahertz frequencies. Moreover, a measurement method is introduced which allows us for an accurate determination of the sensitivity despite LO power fluctuations. | ||||
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Call Number | Serial | 584 | |||
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Author | Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Tichelaar, F. D.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Grishin, E.; Gol’tsman, G.; Zorman, C. A.; Mehregany, M. | ||||
Title | Monocrystalline NbN nanofilms on a 3C-SiC∕Si substrate | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 91 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 062504 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | NbN films, nanofilms | ||||
Abstract | The authors have realized NbN (100) nanofilms on a 3C-SiC (100)/Si(100) substrate by dc reactive magnetron sputtering at 800°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used to characterize the films, showing a monocrystalline structure and confirming epitaxial growth on the 3C-SiC layer. A film ranging in thickness from 3.4to4.1nm shows a superconducting transition temperature of 11.8K, which is the highest reported for NbN films of comparable thickness. The NbN nano-films on 3C-SiC offer a promising alternative to improve terahertz detectors. For comparison, NbN nanofilms grown directly on Si substrates are also studied by HRTEM. The authors acknowledge S. V. Svetchnikov at National Centre for HRTEM at Delft, who prepared the specimens for HRTEM inspections. This work was supported by the EU through RadioNet and INTAS. |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1425 | |||
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Author | Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Driessen, E. F. C.; Bueno, J.; Chapelier, C.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Electrodynamic response and local tunneling spectroscopy of strongly disordered superconducting TiN films | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 18 | Pages | 180505 (1 to 5) |
Keywords | strongly disordered superconducting TiN films, microwave resonators | ||||
Abstract | We have studied the electrodynamic response of strongly disordered superconducting TiN films using microwave resonators, where the disordered superconductor is the resonating element in a high-quality superconducting environment of NbTiN. We describe the response assuming an effective pair-breaking mechanism modifying the density of states and compare this to local tunneling spectra obtained using scanning tunneling spectroscopy. For the least disordered film (kFl=8.7, Rs=13Ω), we find good agreement, whereas for the most disordered film (kFl=0.82, Rs=4.3kΩ), there is a strong discrepancy, which signals the breakdown of a model based on uniform properties. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1069 | |||
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Author | Peltonen, J. T.; Astafiev, O. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Charaev, I. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Golt'sman, G. N.; Ioffe, L. B.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Tsai, J. S. | ||||
Title | Coherent flux tunneling through NbN nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 22 | Pages | 220506 (1 to 5) |
Keywords | NbN nanowires | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly observed in different wires. The flux superposition achieved in the fully metallic NbN rings proves the universality of the phenomenon previously reported for InOx. We perform microwave spectroscopy and study the tunneling amplitude as a function of the wire width, compare the experimental results with theories, and estimate the parameters for existing theoretical models. | ||||
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ISSN | 1098-0121 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1369 | |||
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Author | Barends, R.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Current-induced vortex unbinding in bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 87 | Issue | Pages | 263506 (1 to 3) | |
Keywords | HEB mixer numerical model, HEB model, IV-curves, vortex-antivortex, Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory, diffusion cooling channel, diffusion channel, distributed HEB model, distributed model, self-heating effect, temperature profile | ||||
Abstract | We present a description of the current-voltage characteristics of hot electron bolometers in terms of the current-dependent intrinsic resistive transition of NbN films. We find that, by including this current dependence, we can correctly predict the complete current-voltage characteristics, showing excellent agreement with measurements for both low and high bias and for small as well as large devices. It is assumed that the current dependence is due to vortex-antivortex unbinding as described in the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless theory. The presented approach will be useful in guiding device optimization for noise and bandwidth. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 604 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Vahtomin, Yu.; Maslennikov, S.; Antipov, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 86 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 163503 (1 to 3) |
Keywords | HEB, mixer, direct detection effect | ||||
Abstract | We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 377 | |||
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Author | Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. | ||||
Title | Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 86 | Issue | Pages | 244104 (1 to 3) | |
Keywords | HEB, QCL | ||||
Abstract | We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 905 | |||
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Author | Vercruyssen, N.; Verhagen, T. G. A.; Flokstra, M. G.; Pekola, J. P.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Evanescent states and nonequilibrium in driven superconducting nanowires | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 85 | Issue | Pages | 224503(1-10) | |
Keywords | Al HEB, Al superconducting nanowire, global state, bimodal state, quasiclassical kinetic equations, Usadel equation | ||||
Abstract | We study the nonlinear response of current transport in a superconducting diffusive nanowire between normal reservoirs. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the existence of two different superconducting states appearing when the wire is driven out of equilibrium by an applied bias, called the global and bimodal superconducting states. The different states are identified by using two-probe measurements of the wire, and measurements of the local density of states with tunneling probes. The analysis is performed within the framework of the quasiclassical kinetic equations for diffusive superconductors. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 898 | |||
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Author | Baselmans, J. J. A.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. | ||||
Title | Doubling of sensitivity and bandwidth in phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 84 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 1958-1960 |
Keywords | NbN HEB mixers | ||||
Abstract | We demonstrate that the performance of NbN lattice cooled hot electron bolometer mixers depends strongly on the interface quality between the bolometer and the contact structure. We show experimentally that both the receiver noise temperature and the gain bandwidth can be improved by more than a factor of 2 by cleaning the interface and adding an additional superconducting interlayer to the contact pad. Using this we obtain a double sideband receiver noise temperature TN,DSB=950 K at 2.5 THz and 4.3 K, uncorrected for losses in the optics. At the same bias point, we obtain an IF gain bandwidth of 6 GHz. |
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Call Number | Serial | 352 | |||
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Author | Ganzevles, W. F. M.; Gao, J. R.; de Korte, P. A. J.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Direct response of microstrip line coupled Nb THz hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 2483-2485 |
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 311 | |||
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Author | Jackson, B. D.; Baryshev, A. M.; de Lange, G.; Gao, J. R.; Shitov, S. V.; Iosad, N. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Low-noise 1 THz superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer incorporating a NbTiN/SiO2/Al tuning circuit | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Appl. Phys. Lett. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 436 |
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Call Number | RPLAB @ s @ sis_Jackson_2001 | Serial | 314 | ||
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Author | de Lange, G.; Kuipers, J. J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Panhuyzen, R. A.; van de Stadt, H.; de Graauw, M. W. M. | ||||
Title | Superconducting resonator circuits at frequencies above the gap frequency | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | J. Appl. Phys. | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 77 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1795-1804 |
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Call Number | Serial | 257 | |||
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Author | Floet, D. Wilms; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Gao, J. R. | ||||
Title | Resistive transition of niobium superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 2826 |
Keywords | HEB | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-6951 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 543 | |||
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Author | Heslinga, D. R.; Shafranjuk, S. E.; van Kempen, H.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Observation of double-gap-edge Andreev reflection at Si/Nb interfaces by point-contact spectroscopy | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1994 | Publication | Phys. Rev. B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys. Rev. B |
Volume | 49 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 10484-10494 |
Keywords | Nb, Si, Nb-Si, Nb/Si, Si/Nb, Andreev reflection, point-contact spectroscopy | ||||
Abstract | Andreev reflection point-contact spectroscopy is performed on a bilayer consisting of 50-nm degenerately doped Si backed with Nb. Due to the short mean free path both injection into and transport across the Si layer are diffusive, in contrast to the ballistic conditions prevailing in clean metal layers. Nevertheless a large Andreev signal is observed in the point-contact characteristics, not reduced by elastic scattering in the Si layer or by interface scattering, but only limited by the transmission coefficient of the metal-semiconductor point contact. Two peaks in the Andreev reflection probability are visible, marking the values of the superconducting energy gap at the interface on the Nb and Si sides. This interpretation is supported by a method of solving the Bogolubov equations analytically using a simplified expression for the variation of the order parameter close to the interface. This observation enables a comparison with theoretical predictions of the gap discontinuity in the proximity effect. It is found that the widely used de Gennes model does not agree with the experimental data. | ||||
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Publisher | American Physical Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1005 | |||
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Author | Zolotov, P. I.; Semenov, A. V.; Divochiy, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N.; Romanov, N. R.; Klapwijk, T. M. | ||||
Title | Dependence of photon detection efficiency on normal-state sheet resistance in marginally superconducting films of NbN | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. | Abbreviated Journal | IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1-5 |
Keywords | NbN SSPD, SNSPD | ||||
Abstract | We present an extensive set of data on nanowire-type superconducting single-photon detectors based on niobium-nitride (NbN) to establish the empirical correlation between performance and the normal-state resistance per square. We focus, in particular, on the bias current, compared to the expected depairing current, needed to achieve a near-unity detection efficiency for photon detection. The data are discussed within the context of a model in which the photon energy triggers the movement of vortices i.e. superconducting dissipation, followed by thermal runaway. Since the model is based on the non-equilibrium theory for conventional superconductors deviations may occur, because the efficient regime is found when NbN acts as a marginal superconductor in which long-range phase coherence is frustrated. | ||||
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ISSN | 1051-8223 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Serial | 1222 | |||
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