| Records |
| Author |
Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Matvienko, V.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Currie, M.; Lo, W.; Wilsher, K.; Zhang, J.; Słysz, W.; Pearlman, A.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, Roman |
| Title |
Sensitivity and gigahertz counting performance of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
Volume  |
84 |
Issue |
26 |
Pages |
5338-5340 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, NEP, QE |
| Abstract |
We have measured the quantum efficiencysQEd, GHz counting rate, jitter, and noise-equivalentpowersNEPdof nanostructured NbN superconducting single-photon detectorssSSPDsdin thevisible to infrared radiation range. Our 3.5-nm-thick and 100- to 200-nm-wide meander-typedevices(total area 10310mm2), operating at 4.2 K, exhibit an experimental QE of up to 20% inthe visible range and,10% at 1.3 to 1.55mm wavelength and are potentially sensitive up tomidinfrareds,10mmdradiation. The SSPD counting rate was measured to be above 2 GHz withjitter,18 ps, independent of the wavelength. The devices’ NEP varies from,10−17W/Hz1/2for1.55mm photons to,10−20W/Hz1/2for visible radiation. Lowering the SSPD operatingtemperature to 2.3 K significantly enhanced its performance, by increasing the QE to,20% andlowering the NEP level to,3310−22W/Hz1/2, both measured at 1.26mm wavelength. |
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| ISSN |
0003-6951 |
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no |
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532 |
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| Author |
Gol'tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P.; Goghidze, I.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Nonequilibrium kinetic inductive response of YBaCuO thin films to low-power laser pulses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. C: Supercond. |
| Volume |
235-240 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1979-1980 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS KID |
| Abstract |
Transient non-equilibrium kinetic inductive voltage response of YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 μm and 1.5 μm wavelength has been revealed. By increasing the sensitivity of 100 ps resolution time registration system and diminishing light intensity (fluence 0.1-1 μJ2/cm2) and transport current (density j≤105 A/cm2) we observed a perculiar bipolar signal form with nearly equal amplitudes of each sign. The integration of the kinetic inductive response over time gives the result which is qualitatively of the same form as the response in the resistive and normal states: nonequilibrium picosecond scale component followed by bolometric nanosecond. Nonequilibrium response is interpreted as suppression of order parameter by excess of quasiparticles followed by a change in resistance in the resistive state and kinetic inductance in superconductive state. |
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0921-4534 |
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1634 |
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Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Izbenko, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kouminov, P.; Voronov, B.; Kaurova, N.; Verevkin, A.; Zhang, J.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Nano-structured superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
520 |
Issue |
1-3 |
Pages |
527-529 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
NbN detectors, formed into meander-type, 10×10-μm2 area structures, based on ultrathin (down to 3.5-nm thickness) and nanometer-width (down to below 100 nm) NbN films are capable of efficiently detecting and counting single photons from the ultraviolet to near-infrared optical wavelength range. Our best devices exhibit QE >15% in the visible range and ∼10% in the 1.3–1.5-μm infrared telecommunication window. The noise equivalent power (NEP) ranges from ∼10−17 W/Hz1/2 at 1.5 μm radiation to ∼10−19 W/Hz1/2 at 0.56 μm, and the dark counts are over two orders of magnitude lower than in any semiconducting competitors. The intrinsic response time is estimated to be <30 ps. Such ultrafast detector response enables a very high, GHz-rate real-time counting of single photons. Already established applications of NbN photon counters are non-invasive testing and debugging of VLSI Si CMOS circuits and quantum communications. |
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0168-9002 |
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1495 |
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Gol’tsman, G. N.; Kouminov, P. B.; Goghidze, I. G.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
| Title |
Nonbolometric and fast bolometric responses of YBaCuO thin films in superconducting, resistive, and normal states |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
2159 |
Issue |
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Pages |
81-86 |
| Keywords |
YBCO HTS HEB, nonbolornetric |
| Abstract |
The transient voltage response in both epitaxial and granular YBaCuO thin films to 20 ps pulses of YAG:Nd laser radiation with 0.63 micrometers and 1.54 micrometers was studied. In normal and resistive states both types of films demonstrate two components: nonequilibrium picosecond component and following bolometric nanosecond. The normalized amplitudes are almost the same for all films. In superconducting state we observed a kinetic inductive response and two-component shape after integration. The normalized amplitude of the response in granular films is up to several orders of magnitude larger than in epitaxial films. We interpret the nonequilibrium response in terms of a suppression of order parameter by the excess of quasiparticles followed by the change of resistance in normal and resistive states or kinetic inductance in superconducting state. The sharp rise of inductive response in granular films is explained both by a diminishing of the crossection for current percolation through the disordered network os Josephson weak links and by a decrease of condensate density in neighboring regions. |
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SPIE |
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Editor |
Nahum, M.; Villegier, J.-C. |
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High-Temperature Superconducting Detectors: Bolometric and Nonbolometric |
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no |
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1641 |
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Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. |
| Title |
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
5105 |
Issue |
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Pages |
160-170 |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices |
| Abstract |
We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed. |
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SPIE |
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Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E. |
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Quantum Information and Computation |
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no |
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1514 |
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