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Author Dada, Adetunmise C.; Leach, Jonathan; Buller, Gerald S.; Padgett, Miles J.; Andersson, Erika openurl 
  Title Experimental high-dimensional two-photon entanglement and violations of generalized Bell inequalities Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 9 Pages 677-680  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum entanglement plays a vital role in many quantum-information and communication tasks. Entangled states of higher-dimensional systems are of great interest owing to the extended possibilities they provide. For example, they enable the realization of new types of quantum information scheme that can offer higher-information-density coding and greater resilience to errors than can be achieved with entangled two-dimensional systems (see ref. and references therein). Closing the detection loophole in Bell test experiments is also more experimentally feasible when higher-dimensional entangled systems are used. We have measured previously untested correlations between two photons to experimentally demonstrate high-dimensional entangled states. We obtain violations of Bell-type inequalities generalized to d-dimensional systems up to d=12. Furthermore, the violations are strong enough to indicate genuine 11-dimensional entanglement. Our experiments use photons entangled in orbital angular momentum, generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and manipulated using computer-controlled holograms.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 828  
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Author Bylander, Jonas; Gustavsson, Simon; Yan, Fei; Yoshihara, Fumiki; Harrabi, Khalil; Fitch, George; Cory, David G.; Nakamura, Yasunobu; Tsai, Jaw-Shen; Oliver, William D. openurl 
  Title Noise spectroscopy through dynamical decoupling with a superconducting flux qubit Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 7 Pages 565-570  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum coherence in natural and artificial spin systems is fundamental to applications ranging from quantum information science to magnetic-resonance imaging and identification. Several multipulse control sequences targeting generalized noise models have been developed to extend coherence by dynamically decoupling a spin system from its noisy environment. In any particular implementation, however, the efficacy of these methods is sensitive to the specific frequency distribution of the noise, suggesting that these same pulse sequences could also be used to probe the noise spectrum directly. Here we demonstrate noise spectroscopy by means of dynamical decoupling using a superconducting qubit with energy-relaxation time T1=12μs. We first demonstrate that dynamical decoupling improves the coherence time T2 in this system up to the T2=2T1 limit (pure dephasing times exceeding 100μs), and then leverage its filtering properties to probe the environmental noise over a frequency (f) range 0.2-20MHz, observing a 1/fα distribution with α<1. The characterization of environmental noise has broad utility for spin-resonance applications, enabling the design of optimized coherent-control methods, promoting device and materials engineering, and generally improving coherence.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 829  
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Author Baumert, Thomas openurl 
  Title Quantum technology: Wave packets get a kick Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 5 Pages 373-374  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Intense femtosecond pulses of infrared light can manipulate molecules. It is now shown that such control even extends to making different molecular eigenstates interfere with each other in a way never considered before -- a potential tool for optically engineered chemical reactions and for ultrafast information encoding and manipulation.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 830  
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Author Bozyigit, D.; Lang, C.; Steffen, L.; Fink, J. M.; Eichler, C.; Baur, M.; Bianchetti, R.; Leek, P. J.; Filipp, S.; da Silva, M. P.; Blais, A.; Wallraff, A. openurl 
  Title Antibunching of microwave-frequency photons observed in correlation measurements using linear detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 2 Pages 154-158  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract At optical frequencies the radiation produced by a source, such as a laser, a black body or a single-photon emitter, is frequently characterized by analysing the temporal correlations of emitted photons using single-photon counters. At microwave frequencies, however, there are no efficient single-photon counters yet. Instead, well-developed linear amplifiers allow for efficient measurement of the amplitude of an electromagnetic field. Here, we demonstrate first- and second-order correlation function measurements of a pulsed microwave-frequency single-photon source integrated on the same chip with a 50/50 beam splitter followed by linear amplifiers and quadrature amplitude detectors. We clearly observe single-photon coherence in first-order and photon antibunching in second-order correlation function measurements of the propagating fields.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 835  
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Author Kumar, Sushil; Wang I. Chan, Chun; Hu, Qing; Reno, John L. openurl 
  Title A 1.8-THz quantum cascade laser operating significantly above the temperature of ω/kB Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue Pages  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Several competing technologies continue to advance the field of terahertz science; of particular importance has been the development of a terahertz semiconductor quantum cascade laser (QCL), which is arguably the only solid-state terahertz source with average optical power levels of much greater than a milliwatt. Terahertz QCLs are required to be cryogenically cooled and improvement of their temperature performance is the single most important research goal in the field. Thus far, their maximum operating temperature has been empirically limited to ~ω/kB, a largely inexplicable trend that has bred speculation that a room-temperature terahertz QCL may not be possible in materials used at present. Here, we argue that this behaviour is an indirect consequence of the resonant-tunnelling injection mechanism employed in all previously reported terahertz QCLs. We demonstrate a new scattering-assisted injection scheme to surpass this limit for a 1.8-THz QCL that operates up to ~1.9ω/kB (163 K). Peak optical power in excess of 2 mW was detected from the laser at 155 K. This development should make QCL technology attractive for applications below 2 THz, and initiate new design strategies for realizing a room-temperature terahertz semiconductor laser.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 836  
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Author Mariantoni, Matteo; Wang, H.; Bialczak, Radoslaw C.; Lenander, M.; Lucero, Erik; Neeley, M.; O'Connell, A. D.; Sank, D.; Weides, M.; Wenner, J.; Yamamoto, T.; Yin, Y.; Zhao, J.; Martinis, John M.; Cleland, A. N. openurl 
  Title Photon shell game in three-resonator circuit quantum electrodynamics Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 4 Pages 287-293  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract The generation and control of quantum states of light constitute fundamental tasks in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED). The superconducting realization of cavity QED, circuit QED (refs 11, 12, 13, 14), enables on-chip microwave photonics, where superconducting qubits control and measure individual photon states. A long-standing issue in cavity QED is the coherent transfer of photons between two or more resonators. Here, we use circuit QED to implement a three-resonator architecture on a single chip, where the resonators are interconnected by two superconducting phase qubits. We use this circuit to shuffle one- and two-photon Fock states between the three resonators, and demonstrate qubit-mediated vacuum Rabi swaps between two resonators. By shuffling superposition states we are also able to demonstrate the high-fidelity phase coherence of the transfer. Our results illustrate the potential for using multi-resonator circuits as photon quantum registers and for creating multipartite entanglement between delocalized bosonic modes.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 838  
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Author Buchanan, Mark openurl 
  Title Nothing's impossible Type Manuscript
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue Pages 5  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 839  
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Author Lupascu, Adrian openurl 
  Title Nonlinear dynamics: Quantum pendula locked in Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 2 Pages 100-101  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract A study of the autoresonant behaviour of a superconducting pendulum reveals that quantum fluctuations determine only the initial oscillator motion and not its subsequent dynamics. This could be important in the development of more efficient methods for reading solid-state qubits.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 840  
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Author Nevou, L.; Liverini, V.; Friedli, P.; Castellano, F.; Bismuto, A.; Sigg, H.; Gramm, F.; Müller, E.; Faist, J. openurl 
  Title Current quantization in an optically driven electron pump based on self-assembled quantum dots Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue Pages 423–427  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract The electronic structure of self-assembled semiconductor quantum dots consists of discrete atom-like states that can be populated with a well-defined number of electrons. This property can be used to fabricate a d.c. current standard that enables the unit of ampere to be independently defined. Here we report an optically pumped current source based on self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. The accuracy obtained so far is 10–1 and is limited by the uncertainty in the number of dots. At 10 K the device generates a current difference of 2.39 nA at a frequency of 1 kHz. The accuracy could be improved by site-selective growth techniques where the number of dots is fixed by pre-patterning. The results are promising for applications in electrical metrology, where a current standard is needed to close the so-called quantum metrological triangle.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 841  
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Author Ma, Xiao-Song; Dakic, Borivoje; Naylor, William; Zeilinger, Anton; Walther, Philip openurl 
  Title Quantum simulation of the wavefunction to probe frustrated Heisenberg spin systems Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Physics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Phys.  
  Volume (down) 7 Issue 5 Pages 399-405  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Quantum simulators are controllable quantum systems that can reproduce the dynamics of the system of interest in situations that are not amenable to classical computers. Recent developments in quantum technology enable the precise control of individual quantum particles as required for studying complex quantum systems. In particular, quantum simulators capable of simulating frustrated Heisenberg spin systems provide platforms for understanding exotic matter such as high-temperature superconductors. Here we report the analogue quantum simulation of the ground-state wavefunction to probe arbitrary Heisenberg-type interactions among four spin-1/2 particles. Depending on the interaction strength, frustration within the system emerges such that the ground state evolves from a localized to a resonating-valence-bond state. This spin-1/2 tetramer is created using the polarization states of four photons. The single-particle addressability and tunable measurement-induced interactions provide us with insights into entanglement dynamics among individual particles. We directly extract ground-state energies and pairwise quantum correlations to observe the monogamy of entanglement.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 842  
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Author Mitin, Vladimir; Antipov, Andrei; Sergeev, Andrei; Vagidov, Nizami; Eason, David; Strasser, Gottfried openurl 
  Title Quantum Dot Infrared Photodetectors: Photoresponse Enhancement Due to Potential Barriers Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nanoscale Research Letters Abbreviated Journal Nanoscale res lett  
  Volume (down) 6 Issue 1 Pages 6  
  Keywords Quantum dots; Infrared detectors; Photoresponse; Doping; Potential barriers; Capture processes  
  Abstract Potential barriers around quantum dots (QDs) play a key role in kinetics of photoelectrons. These barriers are always created, when electrons from dopants outside QDs fill the dots. Potential barriers suppress the capture processes of photoelectrons and increase the photoresponse. To directly investigate the effect of potential barriers on photoelectron kinetics, we fabricated several QD structures with different positions of dopants and various levels of doping. The potential barriers as a function of doping and dopant positions have been determined using nextnano3 software. We experimentally investigated the photoresponse to IR radiation as a function of the radiation frequency and voltage bias. We also measured the dark current in these QD structures. Our investigations show that the photoresponse increases ~30 times as the height of potential barriers changes from 30 to 130 meV.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 712  
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Author Antipov, Andrei; Bell, Matt; Yasar, Mesut; Mitin, Vladimir; Scharmach, William; Swihart, Mark; Verevkin, Aleksandr; Sergeev, Andrei openurl 
  Title Luminescence of colloidal CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles: high sensitivity to solvent phase transitions Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nanoscale Research Letters Abbreviated Journal Nan. Res. Lett.  
  Volume (down) 6 Issue Pages 7  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We investigate nanosecond photoluminescence processes in colloidal core/shell CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles dissolved in water and found strong sensitivity of luminescence to the solvent state. Several pronounced changes have been observed in the narrow temperature interval near the water melting point. First of all, the luminescence intensity substantially (approximately 50%) increases near the transition. In a large temperature scale, the energy peak of the photoluminescence decreases with temperature due to temperature dependence of the energy gap. Near the melting point, the peak shows N-type dependence with the maximal changes of approximately 30 meV. The line width increases with temperature and also shows N-type dependence near the melting point. The observed effects are associated with the reconstruction of ligands near the ice/water phase transition.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 722  
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Author Novotny, Lukas; van Hulst, Niek openurl 
  Title Antennas for light Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume (down) 5 Issue 2 Pages 83-90  
  Keywords optical antennas  
  Abstract Optical antennas are devices that convert freely propagating optical radiation into localized energy, and vice versa. They enable the control and manipulation of optical fields at the nanometre scale, and hold promise for enhancing the performance and efficiency of photodetection, light emission and sensing. Although many of the properties and parameters of optical antennas are similar to their radiowave and microwave counterparts, they have important differences resulting from their small size and the resonant properties of metal nanostructures. This Review summarizes the physical properties of optical antennas, provides a summary of some of the most important recent developments in the field, discusses the potential applications and identifies the future challenges and opportunities.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 748  
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Author Kono, Junichiro openurl 
  Title Coherent terahertz control Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume (down) 5 Issue Pages 5-6  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract Spin and charge terahertz excitations in solids are promising for implementing future technologies such as spintronics and quantum computation, but coherently controlling them has been a significant challenge. Researchers have now manipulated coherent spin waves in an antiferromagnet using the intense magnetic field of ultrashort terahertz pulses.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 773  
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Author Paiella, Roberto openurl 
  Title Terahertz quantum cascade lasers: Going ultrafast Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication Nature Photonics Abbreviated Journal Nat. Photon.  
  Volume (down) 5 Issue Pages 253–255  
  Keywords fromIPMRAS  
  Abstract A new asynchronous coherent optical sampling method allows for the direct visualization of actively mode-locked quantum cascade laser pulses at terahertz wavelengths.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 774  
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