| Records |
| Author |
Okunev, O.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Morozov, D.; Korneev, A.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Sobolewski, R. |
| Title |
Registration of infrared single photons by a two-channel receiver based on fiber-coupled superconducting single-photon detectors |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year  |
2008 |
Publication |
Proc. SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. SPIE |
| Volume |
7009 |
Issue |
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Pages |
70090V (1 to 8) |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting nanost |
| Abstract |
Single-photon detectors (SPDs) are the foundation of all quantum communications (QC) protocols. Among different classes of SPDs currently studied, NbN superconducting SPDs (SSPDs) are established as the best devices for ultrafast counting of single photons in the infrared (IR) wavelength range. The SSPDs are nanostructured, 100 μm2 in total area, superconducting meanders, patterned by electron lithography in ultra-thin NbN films. Their operation has been explained within a phenomenological hot-electron photoresponse model. We present the design and performance of a novel, two-channel SPD receiver, based on two fiber-coupled NbN SSPDs. The receivers have been developed for fiber-based QC systems, operational at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm telecommunication wavelengths. They operate in the temperature range from 4.2 K to 2 K, in which the NbN SSPDs exhibit their best performance. The receiver unit has been designed as a cryostat insert, placed inside a standard liquid-heliumstorage dewar. The input of the receiver consists of a pair of single-mode optical fibers, equipped with the standard FC connectors and kept at room temperature. Coupling between the SSPD and the fiber is achieved using a specially designed, precise micromechanical holder that places the fiber directly on top of the SSPD nanostructure. Our receivers achieve the quantum efficiency of up to 7% for near-IR photons, with the coupling efficiency of about 30%. The response time was measured to be < 1.5 ns and it was limited by our read-out electronics. The jitter of fiber-coupled SSPDs is < 35 ps and their dark-count rate is below 1s-1. The presented performance parameters show that our single-photon receivers are fully applicable for quantum correlation-type QC systems, including practical quantum cryptography. |
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| Publisher |
SPIE |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Sukhoivanov, I.A.; Svich, V.A.; Shmaliy, Y.S. |
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no |
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Serial |
1413 |
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| Author |
Jukna, A.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Pan, D.; Cross, A.; Perlman, A.; Komissarov, I.; Sobolewski, R.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Milostnaya, I.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Dynamics of hotspot formation in nanostructured superconducting stripes excited with single photons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Acta Physica Polonica A |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Physica Polonica A |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
955-958 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
Dynamics of a resistive hotspot formation by near-infrared-wavelength single photons in nanowire-type superconducting NbN stripes was investigated. Numerical simulations of ultrafast thermalization of photon-excited nonequilibrium quasiparticles, their multiplication and out-diffusion from a site of the photon absorption demonstrate that 1.55 μm wavelength photons create in an ultrathin, two-dimensional superconducting film a resistive hotspot with the diameter which depends on the photon energy, and the nanowire temperature and biasing conditions. Our hotspot model indicates that under the subcritical current bias of the 2D stripe, the electric field penetrates the superconductor at the hotspot boundary, leading to suppression of the stripe superconducting properties and accelerated development of a voltage transient across the stripe. |
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no |
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Serial |
1414 |
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| Author |
Casaburi, A.; Ejrnaes, M.; Quaranta, O.; Gaggero, A.; Mattioli, F.; Leoni, R.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Lisitskiy, M.; Esposito, E.; Nappi, C.; Cristiano, R.; Pagano, S. |
| Title |
Experimental characterization of NbN nanowire optical detectors with parallel stripline configuration |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
| Volume |
97 |
Issue |
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Pages |
012265 (1 to 6) |
| Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We have developed a novel geometrical configuration for NbN-based superconducting single photon optical detector (SSPD) that achieves two goals: a much lower intrinsic impedance, and a consequently greater bandwidth, and a much larger signal amplitude compared to the standard meandered configuration. This has been obtained by implementing a properly designed parallel stripline structure where a cascade switching mechanism occurs when one of the striplines is hit by an optical photon. The overall switching occurs synchronously and in a very short time, giving rise to a strong and fast voltage pulse. The SSPD have been realized using state of the art NbN deposition technology and e-beam lithography. The strips are 100 nm wide and 5 μm long and have been realized with 4 nm NbN film on sapphire and Si substrate. We report on experimental characterization of such novel devices. The performances of the proposed novel type of SSPD are compared with standard SSPD design and results in terms of signal amplitude, risetime and effective detection area. |
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IOP Publishing |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1742-6596 |
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Conference |
8th European Conference on Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2007) |
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no |
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Serial |
1416 |
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| Author |
Минаева, Ольга Вячеславовна |
| Title |
Быстродействующий однофотонный детектор на основе тонкой сверхпроводниковой пленки NbN |
Type |
Manuscript |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
М. МПГУ |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
SSPD |
| Abstract |
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Thesis |
Ph.D. thesis |
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| Language |
russian |
Summary Language |
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no |
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Serial |
585 |
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| Author |
Stucki, Damien; Barreiro, Claudio; Fasel, Sylvain; Gautier, Jean-Daniel; Gay, Olivier; Gisin, Nicolas; Thew, Rob; Thoma, Yann; Trinkler, Patrick; Vannel, Fabien; Zbinden, Hugo |
| Title |
Continuous high speed coherent one-way quantum key distribution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Optics Express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt. Express |
| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
13326-13334 |
| Keywords |
quantum cryptography, QKD, PNS, SSPD, coherent one way, COW |
| Abstract |
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first commercial quantum technology operating at the level of single quanta and is a leading light for quantum-enabled photonic technologies. However, controlling these quantum optical systems in real world environments presents significant challenges. For the first time, we have brought together three key concepts for future QKD systems: a simple high-speed protocol; high performance detection; and integration both, at the component level and for standard fibre network connectivity. The QKD system is capable of continuous and autonomous operation, generating secret keys in real time. Laboratory and field tests were performed and comparisons made with robust InGaAs avalanche photodiodes and superconducting detectors. We report the first real world implementation of a fully functional QKD system over a 43dB-loss (150km) transmission line in the Swisscom fibre optic network where we obtained average real-time distribution rates over 3 hours of 2.5bps. |
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no |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
Serial |
602 |
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| Author |
Goltsman, G.; Korneev, A.; Divochiy, A.; Minaeva, O.; Tarkhov, M.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Okunev, O.; Antipov, A.; Smirnov, K.; Vachtomin, Yu.; Milostnaya, I.; Chulkova, G. |
| Title |
Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
J. Modern Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Modern Opt. |
| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
1670-1680 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
The state-of-the-art of the NbN nanowire superconducting single-photon detector technology (SSPD) is presented. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance at 2 K temperature: 30% quantum efficiency from visible to infrared, negligible dark count rate, single-photon sensitivity up to 5.6 µm. The recent achievements in the development of GHz counting rate devices with photon-number resolving capability is presented. |
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0950-0340 |
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Approved |
no |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
Serial |
607 |
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Stucki, D.; Walenta, N.; Vannel, F.; Thew, R.T.; Gisin, N.; Zbinden, H.; Gray, S.; Towery, C. R.; Ten, S. |
| Title |
High rate long-distance quantum key distribution over 250 km of ultra low loss fibres |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
New J. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
075003 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, quantum cryptography, QKD, COW |
| Abstract |
We present a fully automated quantum key distribution prototype running at 625 MHz clock rate. Taking advantage of ultra low loss fibres and low-noise superconducting detectors, we can distribute 6,000 secret bits per second over 100 km and 15 bits per second over 250km. |
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no |
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RPLAB @ akorneev @ |
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610 |
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| Author |
Xiaolong Hu; Holzwarth, C.W.; Masciarelli, D.; Dauler, E.A.; Berggren, K.K. |
| Title |
Efficiently coupling light to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
336-340 |
| Keywords |
optical antennas; SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler. |
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no |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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647 |
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| Author |
Mohan, Nishant; Minaeva, Olga; Goltsman, Gregory N.; Saleh, Mohammed F.; Nasr, Magued B.; Sergienko, Alexander V.; Saleh, Bahaa E.; Teich, Malvin C. |
| Title |
Ultrabroadband coherence-domain imaging using parametric downconversion and superconducting single-photon detectors at 1064 nm |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Appl. Opt. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Opt. |
| Volume |
48 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
4009–4017 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD, SPAD |
| Abstract |
Coherence-domain imaging systems can be operated in a single-photon-counting mode, offering low detector noise; this in turn leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. We have demonstrated that excellent axial resolution can be obtained in a photon-counting coherence-domain imaging (CDI) system that uses light generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a chirped periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (chirped-PPSLT) structure, in conjunction with a niobium nitride superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). The bandwidth of the light generated via SPDC, as well as the bandwidth over which the SSPD is sensitive, can extend over a wavelength region that stretches from 700 to 1500 nm. This ultrabroad wavelength band offers a near-ideal combination of deep penetration and ultrahigh axial resolution for the imaging of biological tissue. The generation of SPDC light of adjustable bandwidth in the vicinity of 1064 nm, via the use of chirped-PPSLT structures, had not been previously achieved. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, we construct images for a hierarchy of samples of increasing complexity: a mirror, a nitrocellulose membrane, and a biological sample comprising onion-skin cells. |
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no |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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652 |
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| Author |
Driessen, Eduard Frans Clemens |
| Title |
Coupling light to periodic nanostructures |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Faculty of Science, Leiden University |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fac. Scien., Leiden Un. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
144 |
| Keywords |
SSPD |
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Issue Date: 2009-09-24 |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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675 |
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