| Records |
| Author |
Shurakov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Microwave stabilization of a HEB mixer in a pulse-tube cryocooler |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year  |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1501504-1501504 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
| Abstract |
We report the results of our study of the stability of an 800 GHz hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer cooled with a pulse-tube cryocooler. Pulse-tube cryocoolers introduce temperature fluctuations as well as mechanical vibrations at a frequency of ~1 Hz, both of which can cause receiver gain fluctuations at that frequency. In our system, the motor of the cryocooler was separated from the cryostat to minimize mechanical vibrations, leaving thermal effects as the dominant source of the receiver gain fluctuations. We measured root mean square temperature variations of the 4 K stage of ~7 mK. The HEB mixer was pumped by a solid state local oscillator at 810 GHz. The root mean square current fluctuations at the low noise operating point (1.50 mV, 56.5 μA) were ~0.12 μA, and were predominantly due to thermal fluctuations. To stabilize the bias current, microwave radiation was injected to the HEB mixer. The injected power level was set by a proportional-integral-derivative controller, which completely compensates for the bias current oscillations induced by the pulse-tube cryocooler. Significant improvement in the Allan variance of the receiver output power was obtained, and an Allan time of 5 s was measured. |
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1051-8223 |
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1372 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Il'in, K.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Hubers, H.; Siegel, M.; Gol'tsman, G. |
| Title |
Effect of the wire width and magnetic field on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
| Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2200205-2200205 |
| Keywords |
SSPD, SNSPD |
| Abstract |
We present thorough measurements of the intrinsic detection efficiency in the wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm for meander-type TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with different widths of the nanowire. The width varied from 70 nm to 130 nm. The open-beam configuration allowed us to accurately normalize measured spectra and to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency. For detectors from both materials the intrinsic detection efficiency at short wavelengths amounts at 100% and gradually decreases at wavelengths larger than the specific cut-off wavelengths, which decreases with the width of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that applying weak magnetic fields perpendicular to the meander plane decreases the smallest detectable photon flux. |
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1051-8223 |
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1376 |
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Pernice, W.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
| Title |
High speed and high efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
arXiv |
Abbreviated Journal |
arXiv |
| Volume |
1108.5299 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-23 |
| Keywords |
optical waveguides, waveguide SSPD, guantum photonics, jitter, detection efficiency |
| Abstract |
Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum computation, quantum key distribution, and loophole-free Bell experiments. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited the maximum attainable detection efficiency of single photon detectors. Here we demonstrate a superconducting nanowire detector atop nanophotonic waveguides which allows us to drastically increase the absorption length for incoming photons. When operating the detectors close to the critical current we achieve high on-chip single photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, with uncertainty dictated by the variation of the waveguide photon flux. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of detection efficiency. Furthermore, our detectors are fully embedded in a scalable silicon photonic circuit and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. The direct implementation of such a detector with high quantum efficiency, high detection speed and low jitter time on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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845 |
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| Author |
Shurakov, Alexander; Tong, Edward; Blundell, Raymond; Gol'tsman, Gregory |
| Title |
Microwave stabilization of HEB mixer by a microchip controller |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE MTT-S international microwave symposium digest |
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1-3 |
| Keywords |
HEB mixer stability, microwave injection, Allan variance, Allan time |
| Abstract |
The stability of a Hot Electron Bolometer (HEB) mixer can be improved by the use of microwave injection. In this article we report a refinement of this approach. We introduce a microchip controller to facilitate the implementation of the stabilization scheme, and demonstrate that the feedback loop effectively suppresses drifts in the HEB bias current, leading to an improvement in the receiver stability. The measured Allan time of the mixer's IF output power is increased to > 10 s. |
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Montreal, QC, Canada |
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857 |
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Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. H.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
| Title |
Spectral response and noise temperature of a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Phys. Procedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Procedia |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
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Pages |
334-337 |
| Keywords |
NbN HEB mixer |
| Abstract |
We report on a 2.5 THz spiral antenna coupled NbN hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers, fabricated with in-situ process. The receiver noise temperature with lowest value of 1180 K is in good agreement with calculated quantum efficiency factor as a function of bias voltage. In addition, the measured spectral response of the spiral antenna coupled NbN HEB mixer shows broad frequency coverage of 0.8-3 THz, and corrected response for optical losses, FTS, and coupling efficiency between antenna and bolometer falls with frequency due to diffraction-limited beam of lens/antenna combination. |
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1875-3892 |
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no |
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1381 |
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