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Blundell, R., Kawamura, J. H., Tong, C. E., Papa, D. C., Hunter, T. R., Gol’tsman, G. N., et al. (1998). A hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver for the 680-830 GHz frequency range. In Proc. 6-th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electron. (pp. 18–20). IEEE.
Abstract: We describe a heterodyne receiver designed to operate in the partially transparent atmospheric windows centered on 680 and 830 GHz. The receiver incorporates a niobium nitride thin film, cooled to 4.2 K, as the phonon-cooled hot-electron mixer element. The double sideband receiver noise, measured over the frequency range 680-830 GHz, is typically 700-1300 K. The instantaneous output bandwidth of the receiver is 600 MHz. This receiver has recently been used at the SubMillimeter Telescope, jointly operated by the Steward Observatory and the Max Planck Institute for Radioastronomy, for observations of the neutral carbon and CO spectral lines at 810 GHz and at 806 and 691 GHz respectively. Laboratory measurements on a second mixer in the same test receiver have yielded extended high frequency performance to 1 THz.
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Tong, C. Y. E., Chen, L., & Blundell, R. (1997). Theory of distributed mixing and amplification in a superconductingquasi-particle nonlinear transmission line. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 45(7), 1086–1092.
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Kawamura, J., Blundell, R., Tong, C. -yu E., Gol’tsman, G., Gershenzon, E., Voronov, B., et al. (1997). Low noise NbN lattice-cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers at submillimeter wavelengths. Appl. Phys. Lett., 70(12), 1619–1621.
Abstract: Lattice-cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometric mixers are used in a submillimeter-wave waveguide heterodyne receiver. The mixer elements are niobium nitride film with 3.5 nm thickness and ∼10 μm2 area. The local oscillator power for optimal performance is estimated to be 0.5 μW, and the instantaneous bandwidth is 2.2 GHz. At an intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz with 200 MHz bandwidth, the double sideband receiver noise temperature is 410 K at 430 GHz. The receiver has been used to detect molecular line emission in a laboratory gas cell.
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Tong, C. Y. E., Blundell, R., Bumble, B., Stern, J. A., & LeDuc, H. G. (1996). Sub-Millimeter distributed quasiparticle receiver employing a non-Linear transmission line. In Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. (47).
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Tong, C. Y. E., Blundell, R., Paine, S., Papa, D. C., Kawamura, J., Stern, J., et al. (1996). Design and characterization of a 250-350 GHz fixed-tuned superconductor-insulator-insulator receiver. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn., 44(9), 1548–1556.
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