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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Golts'man, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov B.
Title Superconductive NbN hot-electron bolometric mixer performance at 250 GHz Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 331-336
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract Thin film NbN (<40 A) strips are used as waveguide mixer elements. The electron cooling mechanism for the geometry is the electron-phonon interaction. We report a receiver noise temperature of 750 K at 244 GHz, with / IF = 1.5 GHz, Af= 500 MHz, and Tphysical = 4 K. The instantaneous bandwidth for this mixer is 1.6 GHz. The local oscillator (LO) power is 0.5 1.tW with 3 dB-uncertainty. The mixer is linear to 1 dB up to an input power level 6 dB below the LO power. We report the first detection of a molecular line emission using this class of mixer, and that the receiver noise temperature determined from Y-factor measurements reflects the true heterodyne sensitivity.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 945
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Author Ekström, H.; Kroug, M.; Belitsky, V.; Kollberg, E.; Olsson, H.; Goltsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B.; Yngvesson, S.
Title Hot electron mixers for THz applications Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Proc. 30th ESLAB Abbreviated Journal Proc. 30th ESLAB
Volume Issue Pages 207-210
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We have measured the noise performance of 35 A thin NbN HEB devices integrated with spiral antennas on antireflection coated silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. From the noise measurements we have determined a total conversion gain of the receiver of—16 dB, and an intrinsic conversion of about-10 dB. The IF bandwidth of the 35 A thick NbN devices is at least 3 GHz. The DSB receiver noise temperature is less than 1450 K. Without mismatch losses, which is possible to obtain with a shorter device, and with reduced loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a DSB receiver noise temperature of less ‘than 700 K.
Address Noordwijk, Netherlands
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor Rolfe, E. J.; Pilbratt, G.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference Submillimetre and Far-Infrared Space Instrumentation
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1606
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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.‐yu E.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.
Title Performance of NbN lattice‐cooled hot‐electron bolometric mixers Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Phys.
Volume 80 Issue 7 Pages 4232-4234
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract The heterodyne performance of lattice‐cooled hot‐electron bolometric mixers is measured at 200 GHz. Superconducting thin‐film niobium nitride strips with ∼5 nm thickness are used as waveguide mixer elements. A double‐sideband receiver noise temperature of 750 K at 244 GHz is measured at an intermediate frequency centered at 1.5 GHz with 500 MHz bandwidth and with 4.2 K device temperature. The instantaneous bandwidth for this mixer is 1.6 GHz. The local oscillator power required by the mixer is about 0.5 μW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB up to an input power level 6 dB below the local oscillator power. A receiver incorporating a hot‐electron bolometric mixer was used to detect molecular line emission in a laboratory gascell. This experiment unambiguously confirms that the receiver noise temperature determined from Y‐factor measurements reflects the true heterodyne sensitivity.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1607
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Gousev, Y. P.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk, K. F.; Yagoubov, P.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Syomash, V. D.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Heterodyne detection of THz radiation with a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 260-262
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We report on the use of a superconducting hot‐electron bolometer mixer for heterodyne detection of terahertz radiation. Radiation with a wavelength of 119 μm was coupled to the mixer, a NbN microbridge, by a hybrid quasioptical antenna consisting of an extended hyperhemispherical lens and a planar logarithmic spiral antenna. We found, at an intermediate frequency of 1.5 GHz, a system double side band noise temperature of ≊40 000 K and conversion losses of 25 dB. We also discuss the possibilities of further improvement of the mixer performance.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1610
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Author Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
Title 9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7‐δ thin film Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 68 Issue 10 Pages 1418-1420
Keywords YBCO HTS HEB mixers
Abstract Hot‐electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 μm infrared radiation from two lasers in high‐quality YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to ∼150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be ∼25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The HEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1613
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Author Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Voronov, B.; Svechnikov, S.; Cherednichenko, S.; Gershenzon, E.; Belitsky, V.; Ekström, H.; Semenov, A.; Gousev, Yu.; Renk, K.
Title Quasioptical phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer at THz frequencies Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 303-317
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract In our experiments we tested phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer (HEB) quasioptical mixer based on spiral antenna designed for 0.5-1.2 THz frequency band and fabricated on sapphire, Si-coated sapphire and high resistivity silicon substrates. HEB devices were produced from thin superconducting NbN film 3.5-6 nm thick with the critical temperature of about 11-12 K. For these devices we achieved the receiver noise temperature T R (DSB) = 3000 K in the 500-700 GHz frequency range and an IF bandwidth of 3-4 GHz. Prelimanary measurements at frequencies 1-1.2 THz resulted the receiver noise temperature about 9000 K (DSB).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1614
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Author Trifonov, V. A.; Karasik, B. S.; Zorin, M. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Lindgren, M.; Danerud, M.; Winkler, D.
Title 9.6 μm wavelength mixing in a patterned YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin film Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 337-348
Keywords YBCO HTS HEB mixers
Abstract Hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixing of 9.6 gm infrared radiation from two lasers in high-quality YBa2Cu307_3 (YBCO) patterned thin film has been demonstrated. A heterodyne measurement showed an intermediate frequency (IF) bandwidth of 18 GHz, limited by our measurement system. An intrinsic limit of 100 GHz is predicted. Between 0.1 and 1 GHz intermediate frequency, temperature fluctuations with an equivalent output noise temperature Tfl up to -150 K, contributed to the mixer noise while Johnson noise dominated above 1 GHz. The overall conversion loss at 77 K at low intermediate frequencies was measured to be -25 dB, of which 13 dB was due to the coupling loss. The IIEB mixer is very promising for use in heterodyne receivers within the whole infrared range.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1615
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Author Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Wang, Z.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Mueller, E. R.; Waldman, J.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Cherednichenco, S. I.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gershenzon, E. M.
Title Optimization of hot eleciron bolometer mixing efficiency in NbN at 119 micrometer wavelength Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 584-600
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract We describe an investigation of a NbN HEB mixer for 2.5 THz. An intrinsic conversion loss of 23 dB has been measured with a two-laser measurement technique. The conversion loss was limited by the LO power available and is expected to decrease to 10 dB or less when sufficient LO power is available. For this initial experiment we used a prototype device which is directly coupled to the laser beams. We present results for a back-short technique that improves the optical coupling to the device and describe our progress for an antenna-coupled device with a smaller dimension. Based on our measured data for conversion loss and device output noise level, we predict that NbN HEB mixers will be capable of achieving DSB receiver noise temperatures of ten times the quantum noise limit in the THz range.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1616
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Author Gousev, Y. P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Karasik, B. S.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Semenov, A. D.; Barowski, H. S.; Nebosis, R. S.; Renk, K. F.
Title Quasioptical superconducting hot electron bolometer for submillmeter waves Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves Abbreviated Journal Int. J. of Infrared and Millimeter Waves
Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 317-331
Keywords NbN HEB
Abstract We report on a superconducting hot electron bolometer coupled to radiation via a broadband antenna. The bolometer, a structured NbN film, was patterned on a thin dielectric membrane between terminals of a gold slotline antenna. We investigated the response to submillimeter radiation (wave-lengths ∼ 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm) in the fundamental Gaussian mode. We found that the directivity of the antenna was constant within a factor of 2.5 through the whole experimental range. The noise equivalent power of the bolometer at 119 µm was ∼ 3 · 10−13 W/Hz1/2; a time constant of ∼ 160 ps was estimated.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0195-9271 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1618
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Author Kroug, M.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Kollberg, E.
Title NbN quasioptical phonon cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at THz frequencies Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser.
Volume 1 Issue Pages 405-408
Keywords NbN HEB mixers
Abstract
Address Veldhoven
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Bristol Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0951-3248 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference 3rd Eur. Conf. on Applied Superconductivity
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1600
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Author Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'In, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
Title Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers on sapphire substrates Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 245-257
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, fabrication process
Abstract The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 mm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 1.1 wide and 211 long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.5 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 276
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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C-Y. E.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Voronov, B.; Cherednichenko, S.
Title Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Abbreviated Journal Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.
Volume Issue Pages 23-28
Keywords waveguide NbN HEB mixers
Abstract The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 275
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ekstörm, H.; Kollberg, E.; Yagoubov, P.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.; Yngvesson, S.
Title Gain and noise bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometric mixers Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Appl. Phys. Lett. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Phys. Lett.
Volume 70 Issue 24 Pages 3296-3298
Keywords NbN HEB mixers, conversion loss, conversion gain, U-factor technique
Abstract We have measured the noise performance and gain bandwidth of 35 Å thin NbN hot-electron mixers integrated with spiral antennas on silicon substrate lenses at 620 GHz. The best double-sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 1300 K with a 3 dB bandwidth of ≈5 GHz. The gain bandwidth is 3.2 GHz. The mixer output noise dominated by thermal fluctuations is 50 K, and the intrinsic conversion gain is about −12 dB. Without mismatch losses and excluding the loss from the beamsplitter, we expect to achieve a receiver noise temperature of less than 700 K.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 279
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cherednichenko, S.; Yagoubov, P.; Il'in, K.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E.
Title Large bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixers Type Conference Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Proc. 27th Eur. Microwave Conf. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 2 Issue Pages 972-977
Keywords HEB mixer, fabrication process
Abstract The bandwidth of NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometer mixers has been systematically investigated with respect to the film thickness and film quality variation. The films, 2.5 to 10 nm thick, were fabricated on sapphire substrates using DC reactive magnetron sputtering. All devices consisted of several parallel strips, each 1 um wide and 2 um long, placed between Ti-Au contact pads. To measure the gain bandwidth we used two identical BWOs operating in the 120-140 GHz frequency range, one functioning as a local oscillator and the other as a signal source. The majority of the measurements were made at an ambient temperature of 4.2 K with optimal LO and DC bias. The maximum 3 dB bandwidth (about 4 GHz) was achieved for the devices made of films which were 2.5-3.5 nm thick, had a high critical temperature, and high critical current density. A theoretical analysis of bandwidth for these mixers based on the two-temperature model gives a good description of the experimental results if one assumes that the electron temperature is equal to the critical temperature.
Address Jerusalem, Israel
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher IEEE Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference 27th Eur. Microwave Conf.
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1075
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gousev, Y. P.; Semenov, A. D.; Goghidze, I. G.; Pechen, E. V.; Varlashkin, A. V.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Gershenzon, E. M.; Renk, K. F.
Title Current dependent noise in a YBa2Cu3O7-δ hot-electron bolometer Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.
Volume 7 Issue 2 Pages 3556-3559
Keywords YBCO HTS HEB mixers
Abstract We investigated the output noise of a YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) superconducting hot-electron bolometer (HEB) in a large frequency range (10 kHz to 8 GHz); the bolometer either consisted of a structured 50 nm thick YBCO film on LaAlO/sub 3/ or a 30 nm thick film on a MgO substrate. We found that flicker noise dominated at low frequencies (below 1 MHz), while at higher frequencies Johnson noise and a current dependent noise were the main noise sources.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 1592
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