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Ferrari S, Kahl O, Kovalyuk V, Goltsman GN, Korneev A, Pernice WHP. Waveguide-integrated single- and multi-photon detection at telecom wavelengths using superconducting nanowires. Appl Phys Lett. 2015;106(15):151101 (1 to 5).
Abstract: We investigate single- and multi-photon detection regimes of superconducting nanowire detectors embedded in silicon nitride nanophotonic circuits. At near-infrared wavelengths, simultaneous detection of up to three photons is observed for 120 nm wide nanowires biased far from the critical current, while narrow nanowires below 100 nm provide efficient single photon detection. A theoretical model is proposed to determine the different detection regimes and to calculate the corresponding internal quantum efficiency. The predicted saturation of the internal quantum efficiency in the single photon regime agrees well with plateau behavior observed at high bias currents.
W. H. P. Pernice acknowledges support by the DFG Grant Nos. PE 1832/1-1 and PE 1832/1-2 and the Helmholtz society through Grant No. HIRG-0005. The Ph.D. education of O. Kahl is embedded in the Karlsruhe School of Optics and Photonics (KSOP). G. N. Goltsman acknowledges support by Russian Federation President Grant HШ-1918.2014.2 and Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Contract No.: RFMEFI58614X0007. A. Korneev acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 3.1846.2014/k. V. Kovalyuk acknowledges support by Statement Task No. 2327. We also acknowledge support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the State of Baden-Württemberg through the DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN) within subproject A6.4. We thank S. Kühn and S. Diewald for the help with device fabrication as well as B. Voronov and A. Shishkin for help with NbN thin film deposition and A. Semenov for helpful discussion about the detection mechanism of nanowire SSPD's.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Rasulova GK, Pentin IV, Goltsman GN. Terahertz emission from a weakly-coupled GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice biased into three different modes of current self-oscillations. AIP Advances. 2019;9(10):105220.
Abstract: Radio-frequency modulated terahertz (THz) emission power from weakly-coupled GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice (SL) has been increased by parallel connection of several SL mesas. Each SL mesa is a self-oscillator with its own oscillation frequency and mode. In coupled non-identical SL mesas biased at different voltages within the hysteresis loop the chaotic, quasiperiodic and frequency-locked modes of self-oscillations of current arise. THz emission was detected when three connected in parallel SL mesas were biased into the frequency-locked and quasiperiodic modes of self-oscillations of current, while in the chaotic mode of those it falls to the noise level.
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Averkin AS, Shishkin AG, Chichkov VI, Voronov BM, Goltsman GN, Karpov A, et al. Tunable frequency-selective surface based on superconducting split-ring resonators. In: 8th Metamaterials.; 2014.
Abstract: We study a possibility to use the 2D superconducting metamaterial as a tunable frequency-selective surface (FSS). The proposed FSS is made of sub-wavelength size (l/14) metamaterial unit cells, where a split-ring resonator is embedded in a small iris aperture in a metal plane. The split-ring resonator is made of NbN film, and its resonance frequency is tuned by the temperature of the sample, changing the kinetic inductance of NbN film. The Ansoft HFSS simulation predicts the FSS tuning range of about 10-20 %. The developed superconducting FSS may be used as a tunable band-pass filter or modulator.
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Goltsman GN. Submillimeter superconducting receivers for astronomy, atmospheric studies and other applications [abstract]. In: 31nd IRMW / 14th ICTE.; 2006. 177.
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Glejm AV, Anisimov AA, Asnis LN, Vakhtomin YB, Divochiy AV, Egorov VI, et al. Quantum key distribution in an optical fiber at distances of up to 200 km and a bit rate of 180 bit/s. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Physics. 2014;78(3):171–5.
Abstract: An experimental demonstration of a subcarrier-wave quantum cryptography system with superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) that distributes a secure key in a single-mode fiber at distance of 25 km with a bit rate of 800 kbit/s, a distance of 100 km with a bit rate of 19 kbit/s, and a distance of 200 km with a bit rate of 0.18 kbit/s is described.
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Goltsman GN, Korneev AA, Finkel MI, Divochiy AV, Florya IN, Korneeva YP, et al. Superconducting hot-electron bolometer as THz mixer, direct detector and IR single-photon counter [abstract]. In: 35th Int. Conf. Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves.; 2010. p. 1.
Abstract: We present a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) and hot-electron superconducting sensors with record characteristic for many terahertz and optical applications.
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Zhang W, Miao W, Zhong JQ, Shi SC, Hayton DJ, Vercruyssen N, et al. Temperature dependence of superconducting hot electron bolometers. In: Not published results: 24th international symposium on space terahertz technology.; 2013.
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Angeluts AA, Bezotosnyi VV, Cheshev EA, Goltsman GN, Finkel MI, Seliverstov SV, et al. Compact 1.64 THz source based on a dual-wavelength diode end-pumped Nd:YLF laser with a nearly semiconfocal cavity. Laser Phys. Lett.. 2014;11(1):015004 (1 to 4).
Abstract: We describe a compact dual-wavelength (1.047 and 1.053 μm) diode end-pumped Q-switched Nd:YLE laser source which has a number of applications in demand. In order to achieve its dual-wavelength operation it is suggested for the first time to use essentially nonmonotonous dependences of the threshold pump powers at these wavelengths on the cavity length in the region of the cavity semiconfocal configuration under a radius of the pump beam smaller than the radius of the zero Gaussian mode. Here we demonstrate one of the most interesting applications for this laser: difference frequency generation in a GaSe crystal at a frequency of 1.64 THz. A superconducting hot-electron bolometer is used to detect the THz power generated and to measure its pulse characteristics.
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Korneeva Y P, Vodolazov D Y, Semenov AV, Florya IN, Simonov N, Baeva E, et al. Optical single photon detection in micron-scaled NbN bridges [Internet].; 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 7].arXiv:1802.02881v1 [cond-mat.supr-con]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.02881v1
Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally that single photon detection can be achieved in micron-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 μm to 5.15 μm and for photon-wavelengths from 408 nm to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50 % of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), based on nanometer scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modelling based on the theory of non-equilibrium superconductivity including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation.
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Sidorova MV, Kozorezov AG, Semenov AV, Korneev AA, Chulkova GM, Korneeva YP, et al. Non-bolometric bottleneck in electron-phonon relaxation in ultra-thin WSi film [Internet].; 2018 [cited 2024 Jul 7].arXiv:1607.07321v4 [physics.ins-det]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.07321v4
Abstract: We developed the model of the internal phonon bottleneck to describe the energy exchange between the acoustically soft ultrathin metal film and acoustically rigid substrate. Discriminating phonons in the film into two groups, escaping and nonescaping, we show that electrons and nonescaping phonons may form a unified subsystem, which is cooled down only due to interactions with escaping phonons, either due to direct phonon conversion or indirect sequential interaction with an electronic system. Using an amplitude-modulated absorption of the sub-THz radiation technique, we studied electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered films of tungsten silicide. We found an experimental proof of the internal phonon bottleneck. The experiment and simulation based on the proposed model agree well, resulting in tau{e-ph} = 140-190 ps at TC = 3.4 K, supporting the results of earlier measurements by independent techniques.
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