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Author |
Ryabchun, S.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kimberk, R.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Study of the effect of microwave radiation on the operation of HEB mixers in the terahertz frequency range |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
391-394 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have investigated the effect of injecting microwave radiation, with a frequency much lower than that corresponding to the energy gap of the superconductor, on the performance of the hot-electron bolometer mixer incorporated into a THz heterodyne receiver. More specifically, we show that exposing the mixer to microwave radiation does not cause a significant rise of the receiver noise temperature and fall of the mixer conversion gain so long as the microwave power is a small fraction of local oscillator power. The injection of a small, but controlled amount of microwave power therefore enables active compensation of local oscillator power and coupling fluctuations which can significantly degrade the gain stability of hot electron bolometer mixer receivers. |
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1051-8223 |
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1427 |
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Jiang, L.; Antipov, S. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Zhang, W.; Li, N.; Lin, Z. H.; Yao, Q. J.; Miao, W.; Shi, S. C.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Characterization of the performance of a quasi-optical NbN superconducting HEB mixer |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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17 |
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2 |
Pages |
395-398 |
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NbN HEB mixers, noise temperature |
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In this paper we focus mainly on the investigation of the performance of a quasi-optical (planar log-spiral antenna) phonon-cooled NbN superconducting hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer, which is cryogenically cooled by a close-cycled 4-K cryocooler, at 500 and 850 GHz frequency bands. The mixer's noise performance, stability of IF output power, and local oscillator (LO) power requirement are characterized for three NbN superconducting HEB devices of different sizes. The transmission characteristics of Mylar and Zitex films with incidence waves of an elliptical polarization are also examined by measuring the mixer's noise temperature. The lowest receiver noise temperatures (with no corrections) of 750 and 1100 K are measured at 500 and 850 GHz, respectively. Experimental results also demonstrate that the bigger the HEB device is, the higher the stability of IF output power becomes. |
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1429 |
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Loudkov, D.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
An investigation of the performance of the superconducting HEB mixer as a function of its RF embedding impedance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
472-475 |
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Keywords |
waveguide NbN HEB mixers |
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We have conducted an investigation of the optimal embedding impedance for a waveguide superconducting hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixer. Three mixer chip designs for 800 GHz, offering nominal embedding resistances of 70 /spl Omega/, 35 /spl Omega/, and 15 /spl Omega/, have been developed. We used both High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software and scale model impedance measurements in the design process. We subsequently fabricated HEB mixers to these designs using 3-4 nm thick NbN thin film. Receiver noise temperature measurements and Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) scans were performed to determine the optimal combination of embedding impedance and normal-state resistance for a 50 Ohm IF load impedance. A receiver noise temperature of 440 K was measured at a local oscillator frequency 850 GHz for a mixer with normal state resistance of 62 /spl Omega/ incorporated into a circuit offering a nominal embedding impedance of 70 /spl Omega/. We conclude from our data that, for low noise operation, the normal state resistance of the HEB mixer element should be close to the embedding impedance of the mixer mount. |
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1439677 |
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1464 |
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Baubert, J.; Salez, M.; Merkel, H.; Pons, P.; Cherednichenko, S.; Lecomte, B.; Drakinsky, V.; Goltsman, G.; Leone, B. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
IF gain bandwidth of membrane-based NbN hot electron bolometers for SHAHIRA |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
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2 |
Pages |
507-510 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers, applications |
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SHAHIRA (Submm Heterodyne Array for HIgh-speed Radio Astronomy) is a project supported by the European Space Agency (ESA) and is designed to fly on the SOFIA observatory. A quasi-optic design has been chosen for 2.5/2.7 THz and 4.7 THz, for hydroxyde radical OH, deuterated hydrogen HD and neutral atomic oxygen OI lines observations. Hot electron bolometers (HEBs) have been processed on 1 /spl mu/m thick SiO/sub 2//Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ stress-less membranes. In this paper we analyse the intermediate frequency (IF) gain bandwidth from the theoretical point of view, and compare it to measurements. |
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1558-2515 |
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1468 |
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Jiang, L.; Li, J.; Zhang, W.; Yao, Q. J.; Lin, Z. L.; Shi, S. C.; Vachtomin, Y. B.; Antipov, S. V.; Svechnikov, S. I.; Voronov, B. M.; Goltsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Characterization of NbN HEB mixers cooled by a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
511-513 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB mixers |
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It is quite beneficial to operate superconducting hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers with a close-cycled 4 Kelvin refrigerator for real applications such as astronomy and atmospheric research. In this paper, a phononcooled NbN HEB mixer (quasioptical type) is thoroughly characterized under such a cooling circumstance. The effects of mechanical vibration, electrical interference, and temperature fluctuation of a two-stage Gifford-McMahon 4 Kelvin refrigerator upon the characteristics of the phononcooled NbN HEB mixer are investigated in particular. Detailed measurement results are presented. |
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1558-2515 |
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1469 |
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Kawamura, J.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Patt, F.; Gol’tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Terahertz-frequency waveguide NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer |
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Journal Article |
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2001 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
952-954 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We have developed a low-noise waveguide heterodyne receiver for operation near 1 THz using phonon-cooled NbN hot-electron bolometers. The mixer elements are submicron-sized microbridges of 4 nm-thick NbN film fabricated on a quartz substrate. Operating at a bath temperature of 4.2 K, the double-sideband receiver noise temperature is 760 K at 1.02 THz and 1100 K at 1.26 THz. The local oscillator is provided by solid-state sources, and power measured at the source is less than 1 /spl mu/W. The intermediate frequency bandwidth exceeds 2 GHz. The receiver was used to make the first ground-based heterodyne detection of a celestial spectroscopic line above 1 THz. |
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1558-2515 |
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1546 |
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Author |
Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
NbN hot electron bolometric mixerss—a new technology for low-noise THz receivers |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2519-2527 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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New advances in hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers have recently resulted in record-low receiver noise temperatures at terahertz frequencies. We have developed quasi-optically coupled NbN HEB mixers and measured noise temperatures up to 2.24 THz, as described in this paper. We project the anticipated future performance of such receivers to have even lower noise temperature and local-oscillator power requirement as well as wider gain and noise bandwidths. We introduce a proposal for integrated focal plane arrays of HEB mixers that will further increase the detection speed of terahertz systems. |
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1557-9670 |
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1560 |
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Semenov, A. D.; Gol'tsman, G. N. |
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Title |
Non-thermal response of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4491-4494 |
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HEB mixers, non-thermal |
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We present an analysis of a diffusion-cooled hot-electron bolometer in the limiting case of a weak thermalization of non-equilibrium quasiparticles. We propose a new model relying on the non-thermal suppression of the superconducting energy gap by excess quasiparticles. Using material parameters typical for Al, we evaluate performance of the bolometer in the heterodyne regime at terahertz frequencies. Estimates show that the mixer may have quantum limited noise temperature and a few tens of GHz bandwidth, while the required local oscillator power is in the /spl mu/W range due to in-effective suppression of the energy gap by quasiparticles with high energies. |
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1567 |
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Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Jian, H.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Dickinson, J.; Waldman, J.; Yagoubov, P. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
New results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers above 1 THz |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
4217-4220 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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Abstract |
NbN Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) mixers have produced promising results in terms of DSB receiver noise temperature (2800 K at 1.56 THz). The LO source for these mixers is a gas laser pumped by a CO/sub 2/ laser and the device is quasi-optically coupled through an extended hemispherical lens and a self-complementary log-periodic toothed antenna. NbN HEBs do not require submicron dimensions, can be operated comfortably at 4.2 K or higher, and require LO power of about 100-500 nW. IF noise bandwidths of 5 GHz or greater have been demonstrated. The DC bias point is also not affected by thermal radiation at 300 K. Receiver noise temperatures below 1 THz are typically 450-600 K and are expected to gradually approach these levels above 1 THz as well. NbN HEB mixers thus are rapidly approaching the type of performance required of a rugged practical receiver for astronomy and remote sensing in the THz region. |
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1568 |
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Yagoubov, P.; Kroug, M.; Merkel, H.; Kollberg, E.; Schubert, J.; Hubers, H.-W.; Schwaab, G.; Gol'tsman, G.; Gershenzon, E. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Heterodyne measurements of a NbN superconducting hot electron mixer at terahertz frequencies |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1999 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_desc.gif) |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
3757-3760 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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The performance of a NbN based phonon-cooled Hot Electron Bolometric (HEB) quasioptical mixer is investigated in the 0.65-3.12 THz frequency range. The device is made from a 3 nm thick NbN film on high resistivity Si and integrated with a planar spiral antenna on the same substrate. The in-plane dimensions of the bolometer strip are 0.2/spl times/2 /spl mu/m. The best results of the DSB noise temperature at 1.5 GHz IF frequency obtained with one device are: 1300 K at 650 GHz, 4700 K at 2.5 THz and 10000 K at 3.12 THz. The measurements were performed at 4.5 K ambient temperature. The amount of local oscillator (LO) power absorbed in the bolometer is about 100 nW. The mixer is linear to within 1 dB compression up to the signal level 10 dB below that of the LO. The intrinsic single sideband conversion gain measured at 650 GHz is -9 dB, the total conversion gain is -14 dB. |
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1569 |
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