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Antipov SV, Vachtomin YB, Maslennikov SN, Smirnov KV, Kaurova NS, Grishina EV, et al. Noise performance of quasioptical ultrathin NbN hot electron bolometer mixer at 2.5 and 3.8 THz. In: Proc. 5-th MSMW. Vol 2. Kharkov, Ukraine; 2004. p. 592–4.
Abstract: To put space-based and airborne heterodyne instruments into operation at frequencies above 1 THz the superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) will be incorporated into heterodyne receiver as a mixer. At frequencies above 1.3 THz the sensitivity of the NbN HEB mixers outperform the one of the Schottky diodes and SIS-mixers, and the receiver noise temperature of the NbN HEB mixers increase with frequency. In this paper we present the results of the noise temperature measurements within one batch of NbN HEB mixers based on 3.5 mn thick superconducting NbN film grown on Si substrate with MgO buffer layer at the LO frequencies 2.5 THz and 3.8 THz.
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Vachtomin YB, Antipov SV, Kaurova NS, Maslennikov SN, Smirnov KV, Polyakov SL, et al. Noise temperature, gain bandwidth and local oscillator power of NbN phonon-cooled HEB mixer at terahertz frequenciess. In: Proc. 29th IRMMW / 12th THz. Karlsruhe, Germany; 2004. p. 329–30.
Abstract: We present the performances of HEB mixers based on 3.5 nm thick NbN film integrated with log-periodic spiral antenna. The double side-band receiver noise temperature values are 1300 K and 3100 K at 2.5 THz and at 3.8 THz, respectively. The gain bandwidth of the mixer is 4.2 GHz and the noise bandwidth is 5 GHz. The local oscillator power is 1-3 /spl mu/W for mixers with different active area.
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Kaurova NS, Finkel MI, Maslennikov SN, Vahtomin YB, Antipov SV, Smirnov KV, et al. Submillimeter mixer based on YBa2Cu3O7-x thin film. In: Proc. 1-st conf. Fundamental problems of high temperature superconductivity. Moscow-Zvenigorod; 2004. 291.
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Ryabchun SA, Tretyakov IV, Finkel MI, Maslennikov SN, Kaurova NS, Seleznev VA, et al. NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer with additional diffusion cooling. In: Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Charlottesville, USA; 2009. p. 151–4.
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Tretyakov IV, Ryabchun SA, Maslennikov SN, Finkel MI, Kaurova NS, Seleznev VA, et al. NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization. In: Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity. Moscow-Zvenigorod; 2008.
Abstract: We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer.
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Ryabchun SA, Tretyakov IV, Pentin IV, Kaurova NS, Seleznev VA, Voronov BM, et al. Low-noise wide-band hot-electron bolometer mixer based on an NbN film. Radiophys. Quant. Electron.. 2009;52(8):576–82.
Abstract: We develop and study a hot-electron bolometer mixer made of a two-layer NbN–Au film in situ deposited on a silicon substrate. The double-sideband noise temperature of the mixer is 750 K at a frequency of 2.5 THz. The conversion efficiency measurements show that at the superconducting transition temperature, the intermediate-frequency bandwidth amounts to about 6.5 GHz for a mixer 0.112 μm long. These record-breaking characteristics are attributed to the improved contacts between a sensitive element and a helical antenna and are reached due to using the in situ deposition of NbN and Au layers at certain stages of the process.
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Tret’yakov IV, Ryabchun SA, Kaurova NS, Larionov PA, Lobastova AA, Voronov BM, et al. Optimum absorbed heterodyne power for superconducting NbN hot-electron bolometer mixer. Tech Phys Lett. 2010;36(12):1103–5.
Abstract: Absorbed heterodyne power has been measured in a low-noise broadband hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer for the terahertz range, operating on the effect of electron heating in the resistive state of an ultrathin superconducting NbN film. It is established that the optimum absorbed heterodyne power for the HEB mixer operating at 2.5 THz is about 100 nW.
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Manova NN, Korneeva YP, Korneev AA, Slysz W, Voronov BM, Gol'tsman GN. Superconducting NbN single-photon detector integrated with quarter-wave resonator. Tech Phys Lett. 2011;37(5):469–71.
Abstract: The spectral dependence of the quantum efficiency of superconducting NbN single-photon detectors integrated with quarter-wave resonators based on Si3N4, SiO2, and SiO layers has been studied.
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Seleznev VA, Tarkhov MA, Voronov BM, Milostnaya II, Lyakhno VY, Garbuz AS, et al. Deposition and characterization of few-nanometers-thick superconducting Mo-Re films. Supercond Sci Technol. 2008;21(11):115006 (1 to 6).
Abstract: We report on the fabrication and investigation of few-nanometers-thick superconducting molybdenum-rhenium (Mo-Re) films intended for use in nanowire single-photon superconducting detectors (SSPDs). Mo-Re films were deposited on sapphire substrates by DC magnetron sputtering of an Mo(60)-Re(40) alloy target in an atmosphere of argon. The films 2-10 nm thick had critical temperatures (Tc) from 5.6 to 9.7 K. HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) analysis showed that the films had a homogeneous structure. XPS (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis showed the Mo to Re atom ratio to be 0.575/0.425, oxygen concentration to be 10%, and concentration of other elements to be 1%.
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Lobanov Y, Shcherbatenko M, Finkel M, Maslennikov S, Semenov A, Voronov BM, et al. NbN hot-electron-bolometer mixer for operation in the near-IR frequency range. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond. 2015;25(3):2300704 (1 to 4).
Abstract: Traditionally, hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers are employed for THz and “super-THz” heterodyne detection. To explore the near-IR spectral range, we propose a fiber-coupled NbN film based HEB mixer. To enhance the incident-light absorption, a quasi-antenna consisting of a set of parallel stripes of gold is used. To study the antenna effect on the mixer performance, we have experimentally studied a set of devices with different size of the Au stripe and spacing between the neighboring stripes. With use of the well-known isotherm technique we have estimated the absorption efficiency of the mixer, and the maximum efficiency has been observed for devices with the smallest pitch of the alternating NbN and NbN-Au stripes. Also, a proper alignment of the incident Eâƒ<2014>-field with respect to the stripes allows us to improve the coupling further. Studying IV-characteristics of the mixer under differently-aligned Eâƒ<2014>-field of the incident radiation, we have noticed a difference in their shape. This observation suggests that a difference exists in the way the two waves with orthogonal polarizations parallel and perpendicular Eâƒ<2014>-field to the stripes heat the electrons in the HEB mixer. The latter results in a variation in the electron temperature distribution over the HEB device irradiated by the two waves.
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