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Author Steudle, Gesine A.; Schietinger, Stefan; Höckel, David; Dorenbos, Sander N.; Zadeh, Iman E.; Zwiller, Valery; Benson, Oliver doi  openurl
  Title Measuring the quantum nature of light with a single source and a single detector Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Phys. Rev. A Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 86 Issue 5 Pages (up) 053814  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, saturation count rates, dead time, dynamic range  
  Abstract An elementary experiment in optics consists of a light source and a detector. Yet, if the source generates nonclassical correlations such an experiment is capable of unambiguously demonstrating the quantum nature of light. We realized such an experiment with a defect center in diamond and a superconducting detector. Previous experiments relied on more complex setups, such as the Hanbury Brown and Twiss configuration, where a beam splitter directs light to two photodetectors, creating the false impression that the beam splitter is a fundamentally required element. As an additional benefit, our results provide a simplification of the widely used photon-correlation techniques.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Physical Society Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1089  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sidorova, M.; Semenov, Alexej D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Moshkova, M.; Kaurova, N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Zhang, X.; Schilling, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electron energy relaxation in disordered superconducting NbN films Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B  
  Volume 102 Issue 5 Pages (up) 054501 (1 to 15)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB, bandwidth, relaxation time  
  Abstract We report on the inelastic-scattering rate of electrons on phonons and relaxation of electron energy studied by means of magnetoconductance, and photoresponse, respectively, in a series of strongly disordered superconducting NbN films. The studied films with thicknesses in the range from 3 to 33 nm are characterized by different Ioffe-Regel parameters but an almost constant product qTl (qT is the wave vector of thermal phonons and l is the elastic mean free path of electrons). In the temperature range 14–30 K, the electron-phonon scattering rates obey temperature dependencies close to the power law 1/τe−ph∼Tn with the exponents n≈3.2–3.8. We found that in this temperature range τe−ph and n of studied films vary weakly with the thickness and square resistance. At 10 K electron-phonon scattering times are in the range 11.9–17.5 ps. The data extracted from magnetoconductance measurements were used to describe the experimental photoresponse with the two-temperature model. For thick films, the photoresponse is reasonably well described without fitting parameters, however, for thinner films, the fit requires a smaller heat capacity of phonons. We attribute this finding to the reduced density of phonon states in thin films at low temperatures. We also show that the estimated Debye temperature in the studied NbN films is noticeably smaller than in bulk material.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2469-9950 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1266  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Rubtsova, I.; Slepneva, S.; Seleznev, V.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Slysz, W.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Cross, A.; Pearlman, A.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanostructured detectors capable of single photon counting of mid-infrared optical radiation Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 5957 Issue Pages (up) 59570A (1 to 9)  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, superconductors, superconducting  
  Abstract We report on our progress in research and development of ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) based on ultrathin NbN nanostructures. Our SSPDs were made of the 4-nm-thick NbN films with Tc 11 K, patterned as meander-shaped, 100-nm-wide strips, and covering an area of 10×10 μm2. The detectors exploit a combined detection mechanism, where upon a single-photon absorption, a hotspot of excited electrons and redistribution of the biasing supercurrent, jointly produce a picosecond voltage transient signal across the superconducting nanostripe. The SSPDs are typically operated at 4.2 K, but their sensitivity in the infrared radiation range can be significantly improved by lowering the operating temperature from 4.2 K to 2 K. When operated at 2 K, the SSPD quantum efficiency (QE) for visible light photons reaches 30-40%, which is the saturation value limited by the optical absorption of our 4-nm-thick NbN film. With the wavelength increase of the incident photons,the QE of SSPDs decreases significantly, but even at the wavelength of 6 μm, the detector is able to count single photons and exhibits QE of about 10-2 %. The dark (false) count rate at 2 K is as low as 2x10-4 s,-1 which makes our detector essentially a background-limited sensor. The very low dark-count rate results in a noise equivalent power (NEP) below 10-18 WHz-1/2 for the mid-infrared range (6 μm). Further improvement of the SSPD performance in the mid-infrared range can be obtained by substituting NbN for another, lower-Tc materials with a narrow superconducting gap and low quasiparticles diffusivity. The use of such superconductors should shift the cutoff wavelength below 10 μm.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Infrared Photoelectronics  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1458  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Slysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Latta, C.; Zwiller, V.; Pearlman, A.; Cross, A.; Korneev, A.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Verevkin, A.; Currie, M.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fiber-coupled quantum-communications receiver based on two NbN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 5957 Issue Pages (up) 59571K (1 to 10)  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, single-photon detectors, quantum communication, quantum cryptography, superconductors, infrared optical detectors  
  Abstract We present the design and performance of a novel, two-channel single-photon receiver, based on two fiber-coupled NbN superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs). The SSPDs are nanostructured superconducting meanders covering an area of 100 μm2 and are known for ultrafast and efficient counting of single, visible-to-infrared photons. Their operation has been explained within a phenomenological hot-electron photoresponse model. Our receiver is intended for fiber-based quantum cryptography and communication systems, operational at near-infrared (NIR) telecommunication wavelengths, λ = 1.3 μm and λ = 1.55 μm. Coupling between the NbN detector and a single-mode optical fiber was achieved using a specially designed, micromechanical photoresist ring, positioned directly over the SSPD active area. The positioning accuracy of the ring was below 1 μm. The receiver with SSPDs was placed (immersed) in a standard liquid-helium transport Dewar and kept without interruption for over two months at 4.2 K. At the same time, the optical fiber inputs and electrical outputs were kept at room temperature. Our best system reached a system quantum efficiency of up to 0.3 % in the NIR radiation range, with the detector coupling efficiency of about 30 %. The response time was measured to be about 250 ps and was limited by our read-out electronics. The measured jitter was close to 35 ps. The presented performance parameters show that our NIR single photon detectors are suitable for practical quantum cryptography and for applications in quantum-correlation experiments.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Rogalski, A.; Dereniak, E.L.; Sizov, F.F.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Infrared Photoelectronics  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1459  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Lobanov, Y.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Korneev, A.; Pernice, W.; Goltsman, G. doi  openurl
  Title Waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detector for on-chip quantum and spectral photonic application Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume 917 Issue Pages (up) 062032  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, waveguide  
  Abstract With use of the travelling-wave geometry approach, integrated superconductor- nanophotonic devices based on silicon nitride nanophotonic waveguide with a superconducting NbN-nanowire suited on top of the waveguide were fabricated. NbN-nanowire was operated as a single-photon counting detector with up to 92 % on-chip detection efficiency in the coherent mode, serving as a highly sensitive IR heterodyne mixer with spectral resolution (f/df) greater than 106 in C-band at 1550 nm wavelength  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ Serial 1140  
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Author Zolotov, P. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Development of high-effective superconducting single-photon detectors aimed for mid-IR spectrum range Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume 917 Issue Pages (up) 062037  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report on development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) with high intrinsic quantum efficiency in the wavelength range 1.31 – 3.3 μm. By optimization of the NbN film thickness and its compound, we managed to improve detection efficiency of the detectors in the range up to 3.3 μm. Optimized devices showed intrinsic quantum efficiencies as high as 10% at mid-IR range.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1233  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied  
  Volume 9 Issue 6 Pages (up) 064037 (1 to 13)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15  μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1303  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Baeva, E. M.; Sidorova, M. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Smirnov, K. V.; Divochy, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Semenov, A. V.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Khrapai, V. S.; Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Thermal properties of NbN single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied  
  Volume 10 Issue 6 Pages (up) 064063 (1 to 8)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We investigate thermal properties of a NbN single-photon detector capable of unit internal detection efficiency. Using an independent calibration of the coupling losses, we determine the absolute optical power absorbed by the NbN film and, via resistive superconductor thermometry, the temperature dependence of the thermal resistance Z(T) of the NbN film. In principle, this approach permits simultaneous measurement of the electron-phonon and phonon-escape contributions to the energy relaxation, which in our case is ambiguous because of the similar temperature dependencies. We analyze Z(T) with a two-temperature model and impose an upper bound on the ratio of electron and phonon heat capacities in NbN, which is surprisingly close to a recent theoretical lower bound for the same quantity in similar devices.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1226  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Sclafani, M.; Marksteiner, M.; Keir, F. M. L.; Divochiy, A.; Korneev, A.; Semenov, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Arndt, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Sensitivity of a superconducting nanowire detector for single ions at low energy Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Nanotechnol. Abbreviated Journal Nanotechnol.  
  Volume 23 Issue 6 Pages (up) 065501 (1 to 5)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single ion detector, SSID, SNSID  
  Abstract We report on the characterization of a superconducting nanowire detector for ions at low kinetic energies. We measure the absolute single-particle detection efficiency eta and trace its increase with energy up to eta = 100%. We discuss the influence of noble gas adsorbates on the cryogenic surface and analyze their relevance for the detection of slow massive particles. We apply a recent model for the hot-spot formation to the incidence of atomic ions at energies between 0.2 and 1 keV. We suggest how the differences observed for photons and atoms or molecules can be related to the surface condition of the detector and we propose that the restoration of proper surface conditions may open a new avenue for SSPD-based optical spectroscopy on molecules and nanoparticles.  
  Address Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0957-4484 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:22248823 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1380  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Korneev, A.; Minaeva, O.; Divochiy, A.; Antipov, A.; Kaurova, N.; Seleznev, V.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Slysz, W.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast and high quantum efficiency large-area superconducting single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2007 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 6583 Issue Pages (up) 65830I (1 to 9)  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting NbN films, infrared single-photon detectors  
  Abstract We present our latest generation of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) patterned from 4-nm-thick NbN films, as meander-shaped  0.5-mm-long and  100-nm-wide stripes. The SSPDs exhibit excellent performance parameters in the visible-to-near-infrared radiation wavelengths: quantum efficiency (QE) of our best devices approaches a saturation level of  30% even at 4.2 K (limited by the NbN film optical absorption) and dark counts as low as 2x10-4 Hz. The presented SSPDs were designed to maintain the QE of large-active-area devices, but, unless our earlier SSPDs, hampered by a significant kinetic inductance and a nanosecond response time, they are characterized by a low inductance and GHz counting rates. We have designed, simulated, and tested the structures consisting of several, connected in parallel, meander sections, each having a resistor connected in series. Such new, multi-element geometry led to a significant decrease of the device kinetic inductance without the decrease of its active area and QE. The presented improvement in the SSPD performance makes our detectors most attractive for high-speed quantum communications and quantum cryptography applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Spie Place of Publication Editor Dusek, M.; Hillery, M.S.; Schleich, W.P.; Prochazka, I.; Migdall, A.L.; Pauchard, A.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1249  
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