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Cherednichenko, S.; Drakinskiy, V.; Baubert, J.; Krieg, J.-M.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G.; Desmaris, V. |
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Title |
Gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4 / SiO2 membranes |
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Journal Article |
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2007 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
101 |
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12 |
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124508 (1 to 6) |
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Keywords |
HEB, mixer, membrane |
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The gain bandwidth of NbN hot-electron bolometer terahertz mixers on electrically thin Si3N4/SiO2 membranes was experimentally investigated and compared with that of HEB mixers on bulk substrates. A gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz is achieved on bulk silicon, whereas the gain bandwidth is reduced down to 0.6–0.9 GHz for mixers on 1.5 μm Si3N4/SiO2 membranes. We show that application of a MgO buffer layer on the membrane extends the gain bandwidth to 3 GHz. The experimental data were analyzed using the film-substrate acoustic mismatch approach. |
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560 |
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Maingault, L.; Tarkhov, M.; Florya, I.; Semenov, A.; Espiau de Lamaëstre, R.; Cavalier, P.; Gol’tsman, G.; Poizat, J.-P.; Villégier, J.-C. |
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Title |
Spectral dependency of superconducting single photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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Volume |
107 |
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11 |
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116103 (1 to 3) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We investigate the effect of varying both incoming optical wavelength and width of NbN nanowires on the superconducting single photon detectors (SSPD) detection efficiency. The SSPD are current biased close to critical value and temperature fixed at 4.2 K, far from transition. The experimental results are found to verify with a good accuracy predictions based on the “hot spot model,” whose size scales with the absorbed photon energy. With larger optical power inducing multiphoton detection regime, the same scaling law remains valid, up to the three-photon regime. We demonstrate the validity of applying a limited number of measurements and using such a simple model to reasonably predict any SSPD behavior among a collection of nanowire device widths at different photon wavelengths. These results set the basis for designing efficient single photon detectors operating in the infrared (2–5 μm range).
This work was supported by European projects FP6 STREP “SINPHONIA” (Contract No. NMP4-CT-2005-16433) and IP “QAP” (Contract No. 15848). |
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0021-8979 |
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1392 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W. |
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Title |
Effect of magnetic field on the photon detection in thin superconducting meander structures |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
89 |
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10 |
Pages |
104513 (1 to 7) |
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Keywords |
NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We have studied the influence of an externally applied magnetic field on the photon and dark count rates of meander-type niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Measurements have been performed at a temperature of 4.2 K, and magnetic fields up to 250 mT have been applied perpendicularly to the meander plane. While photon count rates are field independent at weak applied fields, they show a strong dependence at fields starting from approximately ±25 mT. This behavior, as well as the magnetic field dependence of the dark count rates, is in good agreement with the recent theoretical model of vortex-assisted photon detection and spontaneous vortex crossing in narrow superconducting lines. However, the local reduction of the superconducting free energy due to photon absorption, which is the fitting parameter in the model, increases much slower with the photon energy than the model predicts. Furthermore, changes in the free-energy during photon counts and dark counts depend differently on the current that flows through the meander. This indicates that photon counts and dark counts occur in different parts of the meander. |
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1098-0121 |
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1367 |
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Rodriguez-Morales, F.; Zannoni, R.; Nicholson, J.; Fischetti, M.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Appenzeller, J. |
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Direct and heterodyne detection of microwaves in a metallic single wall carbon nanotube |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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89 |
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8 |
Pages |
083502 |
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Keywords |
carbon nanotube, GHz heterodyne detector, direct detector |
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0003-6951 |
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565 |
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Tol, J. van; Brunel, L.-C.; Wylde, R. J. |
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A quasioptical transient electron spin resonance spectrometer operating at 120 and 240 GHz |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. |
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76 |
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7 |
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074101 (1 to 8) |
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Schottky, noise temperature |
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A new multifrequency quasioptical electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometer is described. The superheterodyne design with Schottky diode mixer/detectors enables fast detection with subnanosecond time resolution. Optical access makes it suitable for transient EPR (TR-EPR) at 120 and 240 GHz. These high frequencies allow for an accurate determination of small g-tensor anisotropies as are encountered in excited triplet states of organic molecules like porphyrins and fullerenes. The measured concentration sensitivity for continuous-wave (cw) EPR at 240 GHz and at room temperature without cavity is 1013 spins/cm3 (15 nM) for a 1 mT linewidth and a 1 Hz bandwidth. With a Fabry-Perot cavity and a sample volume of 30 nl, the sensitivity at 240 GHz corresponds to [approximate]3×109 spins for a 1 mT linewidth. The spectrometer's performance is illustrated with applications of transient EPR of excited triplet states of organic molecules, as well as cw EPR of nitroxide reference systems and a thin film of a colossal magnetoresistance material. |
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Actually, noise spectral density is given (3e-19 W/Hz) |
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588 |
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Ryabchun, S.; Tong, C.-yu E.; Blundell, R.; Kimberk, R.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
Effect of microwave radiation on the stability of terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixers |
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Conference Article |
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2006 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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6373 |
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63730J (1 to 5) |
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NbN HEB mixers, hot-electron bolometer mixers, stability, Allan variance, LO power fluctuations |
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We report our studies of the effect of microwave radiation, with a frequency much lower than that corresponding to the energy gap of the superconductor, on the performance of the NbN hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixer incorporated into a THz heterodyne receiver. It is shown that exposing the HEB mixer to microwave radiation does not result in a significant rise of the receiver noise temperature and degradation of the mixer conversion gain so long as the level of microwave power is small compared to the local oscillator drive. Hence the injection of a small, but controlled amount of microwave radiation enables active compensation of local oscillator power and coupling fluctuations which can significantly degrade the stability of HEB mixer receivers. |
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SPIE |
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Anwar, M.; DeMaria, A.J.; Shur, M.S. |
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Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems |
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1441 |
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Sidorova, M.; Semenov, Alexej D.; Hübers, H.-W.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Charaev, I.; Moshkova, M.; Kaurova, N.; Goltsman, G. N.; Zhang, X.; Schilling, A. |
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Title |
Electron energy relaxation in disordered superconducting NbN films |
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2020 |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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Phys. Rev. B |
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102 |
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5 |
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054501 (1 to 15) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, HEB, bandwidth, relaxation time |
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We report on the inelastic-scattering rate of electrons on phonons and relaxation of electron energy studied by means of magnetoconductance, and photoresponse, respectively, in a series of strongly disordered superconducting NbN films. The studied films with thicknesses in the range from 3 to 33 nm are characterized by different Ioffe-Regel parameters but an almost constant product qTl (qT is the wave vector of thermal phonons and l is the elastic mean free path of electrons). In the temperature range 14–30 K, the electron-phonon scattering rates obey temperature dependencies close to the power law 1/τe−ph∼Tn with the exponents n≈3.2–3.8. We found that in this temperature range τe−ph and n of studied films vary weakly with the thickness and square resistance. At 10 K electron-phonon scattering times are in the range 11.9–17.5 ps. The data extracted from magnetoconductance measurements were used to describe the experimental photoresponse with the two-temperature model. For thick films, the photoresponse is reasonably well described without fitting parameters, however, for thinner films, the fit requires a smaller heat capacity of phonons. We attribute this finding to the reduced density of phonon states in thin films at low temperatures. We also show that the estimated Debye temperature in the studied NbN films is noticeably smaller than in bulk material. |
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2469-9950 |
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1266 |
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Kovalyuk, V.; Kahl, O.; Ferrari, S.; Vetter, A.; Lewes-Malandrakis, G.; Nebel, C.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Pernice, W. |
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On-chip single-photon spectrometer for visible and infrared wavelength range |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
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J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. |
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1124 |
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051045 |
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single-photon spectrometer |
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Here we show our latest progress in the field of a single-photon spectrometer for the visible and infrared wavelengths ranges implementation. We consider three different on-chip approaches: a coherent spectrometer with a low power of the heterodyne, a coherent spectrometer with a high power of the heterodyne, and an eight-channel single-photon spectrometer for direct detection. Along with high efficiency, spectrometers show high detection efficiency and temporal resolution through the use of waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. |
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1742-6588 |
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1197 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Ilin, K.; Siegel, M.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Goltsman, G.; Vodolazov, D.; Hübers, H.-W. |
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Effect of the wire width on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Phys. |
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116 |
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4 |
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043906 (1 to 9) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD, TaN |
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A thorough spectral study of the intrinsic single-photon detection efficiency in superconducting TaN and NbN nanowires with different widths has been performed. The experiment shows that the cut-off of the intrinsic detection efficiency at near-infrared wavelengths is most likely controlled by the local suppression of the barrier for vortex nucleation around the absorption site. Beyond the cut-off quasi-particle diffusion in combination with spontaneous, thermally activated vortex crossing explains the detection process. For both materials, the reciprocal cut-off wavelength scales linearly with the wire width where the scaling factor agrees with the hot-spot detection model. |
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1357 |
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Huang, Kevin C. Y.; Jun, Young Chul; Seo, Min-Kyo; Brongersma, Mark L. |
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Power flow from a dipole emitter near an optical antenna |
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2011 |
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Optics Express |
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Opt. Express |
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19 |
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20 |
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19084-19092 |
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optical antennas |
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Current methods to calculate the emission enhancement of a quantum emitter coupled to an optical antenna of arbitrary geometry rely on analyzing the total Poynting vector power flow out of the emitter or the dyadic Green functions from full-field numerical simulations. Unfortunately, these methods do not provide information regarding the nature of the dominant energy decay pathways. We present a new approach that allows for a rigorous separation, quantification, and visualization of the emitter output power flow captured by an antenna and the subsequent reradiation power flow to the far field. Such analysis reveals unprecedented details of the emitter/antenna coupling mechanisms and thus opens up new design strategies for strongly interacting emitter/antenna systems used in sensing, active plasmonics and metamaterials, and quantum optics. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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