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Author Wang, Zhen; Miki, S.; Fujiwara, M. openurl 
  Title Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information and communications Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages (up) 1741-1747  
  Keywords SSPD  
  Abstract Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs or SSPD) are highly promising devices in the growing field of quantum information and communications technology. We have developed a practical SSPD system with our superconducting thin films and devices fabrication, optical coupling packaging, and cryogenic technology. The SSPD system consists of six-channel SSPD devices and a compact Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryocooler, and can operate continuously on 100 V ac power without the need for any cryogens. The SSPD devices were fabricated from high-quality niobium nitride (NbN) ultrathin films that were epitaxially grown on single-crystal MgO substrates. The packaged SSPD devices were temperature stabilized to 2.96 K ± 10 mK. The system detection efficiency for an SSPD device with an area of 20 × 20 ¿m2 was found to be 2.6% and 4.5% at wavelengths of 1550 and 1310 nm, respectively, at a dark count rate of 100 Hz, and a jitter of 100 ps full-width at half maximum. We also performed ultrafast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) field testing and entanglement-based QKD experiments using these SSPD devices.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 676  
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Author Kern, Pierre; Le Coärer, Etienne; Benech, Pierre openurl 
  Title On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt.Express  
  Volume 17 Issue 3 Pages (up) 1976-1987  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents how photonics associated with new arising detection technologies is able to provide fully integrated instrument for coherent beam combination applied to astrophysical interferometry. The feasibility and operation of on-chip coherent beam combiners has been already demonstrated using various interferometric combination schemes. More recently we proposed a new detection principle aimed at directly sampling and extracting the spectral information of an input signal together with its flux level measurement. The so-called SWIFTS demonstrated concept that stands for Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer, provides full spectral and spatial information recorded simultaneously thanks to a motionless detecting device. Due to some newly available detection principles considered for the implementation of the SWIFTS concept, some technologies can even provide photo-counting operation that brought a significant extension of the interferometry domain of investigation in astrophysics. The proposed concept is applicable to most of the interferometric instrumental modes including fringe tracking, fast and sensitive detection, Fourier spectral reconstruction and also to manage a large number of incoming beams. The paper presents three practical implementations, two dealing with pair-wise integrated optics beam combinations and the third one with an all-in-one 8 beam combination. In all cases the principles turned into a pair wise baseline coding after proper data processing.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 650  
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Author Khosropanah P.; Baryshev A.; Zhang W.; Jellema W.; Hovenier J.N.; Gao G.R.; Klapwijk T.M; Paveliev D.G.; Williams B.S.; Kumar S.; Hu Q.; Reno J.L.; Klein B.; Hesler J.L. openurl 
  Title Phase-locking of a 2.7-THz quantum cascade laser to a microwave reference Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Optics Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 34 Issue Pages (up) 2958-2960  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We demonstrate the phase locking of a 2.7 THz metal–metal waveguide quantum cascade laser (QCL) to an external microwave signal. The reference is the 15th harmonic, generated by a semiconductor superlattice nonlinear device, of a signal at 182 GHz, which itself is generated by a multiplier chain (X12) from a

microwave synthesizer at ~ 15 GHz. Both laser and reference radiations are coupled into a bolometer mixer, resulting in a beat signal, which is fed into a phase-lock loop. The spectral analysis of the beat signal con-firms that the QCL is phase locked. This result opens the possibility to extend heterodyne interferometers into the far-infrared range.		  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ atomics90 @ Serial 966  
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Author Hu, Xiaolong; Zhong, Tian; White, James E.; Dauler, Eric A. Najafi, Faraz; Herder, Charles H.; Wong, Franco N. C.; Berggren, Karl K. openurl 
  Title Fiber-coupled nanowire photon counter at 1550 nm with 24% system detection efficiency Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Optics Letters Abbreviated Journal Opt. Lett.  
  Volume 34 Issue 23 Pages (up) 3607-3609  
  Keywords SNSPD  
  Abstract We developed a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector system in a close-cycled cryocooler and achieved 24% and 22% system detection efficiencies at wavelengths of 1550 and 1315 nm, respectively. The maximum dark count rate was ~1000 counts/s.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 679  
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Author Mohan, Nishant; Minaeva, Olga; Goltsman, Gregory N.; Saleh, Mohammed F.; Nasr, Magued B.; Sergienko, Alexander V.; Saleh, Bahaa E.; Teich, Malvin C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrabroadband coherence-domain imaging using parametric downconversion and superconducting single-photon detectors at 1064 nm Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Appl. Opt. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Opt.  
  Volume 48 Issue 20 Pages (up) 4009–4017  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, SPAD  
  Abstract Coherence-domain imaging systems can be operated in a single-photon-counting mode, offering low detector noise; this in turn leads to increased sensitivity for weak light sources and weakly reflecting samples. We have demonstrated that excellent axial resolution can be obtained in a photon-counting coherence-domain imaging (CDI) system that uses light generated via spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC) in a chirped periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (chirped-PPSLT) structure, in conjunction with a niobium nitride superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD). The bandwidth of the light generated via SPDC, as well as the bandwidth over which the SSPD is sensitive, can extend over a wavelength region that stretches from 700 to 1500 nm. This ultrabroad wavelength band offers a near-ideal combination of deep penetration and ultrahigh axial resolution for the imaging of biological tissue. The generation of SPDC light of adjustable bandwidth in the vicinity of 1064 nm, via the use of chirped-PPSLT structures, had not been previously achieved. To demonstrate the usefulness of this technique, we construct images for a hierarchy of samples of increasing complexity: a mirror, a nitrocellulose membrane, and a biological sample comprising onion-skin cells.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ gujma @ Serial 652  
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Author Driessen, E. F. C.; Braakman, F. R.; Reiger, E. M.; Dorenbos, S. N.; Zwiller, V.; de Dood, M. J. A. doi  openurl
  Title Impedance model for the polarization-dependent optical absorption of superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 47 Issue Pages (up) 10701  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We measured the single-photon detection efficiency of NbN superconducting single-photon detectors as a function of the polarization state of the incident light for different wavelengths in the range from 488 nm to 1550 nm. The polarization contrast varies from ~% at 488 nm to~0% at 1550 nm, in good agreement with numerical calculations. We use an optical-impedance model to describe the absorption for polarization parallel to the wires of the detector. For the extremely lossy NbN material, the absorption can be kept constant by keeping the product of layer thickness and filling factor constant. As a consequence, the maximum possible absorption is independent of filling factor. By illuminating the detector through the substrate, an absorption efficiency of ~0% can be reached for a detector on Si or GaAs, without the need for an optical cavity.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ alex_kazakov @ Serial 1062  
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Author Benford, Dominic; Moseley, Harvey; Zmuidzinas, Jonas openurl 
  Title Direct detectors for the Einstein inflation probe Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume 155 Issue 1 Pages (up) 012001 (1 to 49)  
  Keywords KID, MKID, CMB  
  Abstract Here we review the principles of operation, history, present status, and future prospects for the primary candidate detectors for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization studies. The three detector types we will discuss are semiconductor-based bolometers, superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer, and Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs). All of these detector types can provide the sensitivity to permit background-limited measurements of the CMB, but the ultimate selection of detectors will be largely determined by the ease of production and reliability of large arrays of such detectors. This paper describes the present state of development of these detectors, efforts to integrate them into large arrays, and the detector system developments necessary to enable a space CMB polarization mission.  
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  Notes Recommended by Klapwijk Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 913  
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Author Stucki, Damien; Barreiro, Claudio; Fasel, Sylvain; Gautier, Jean-Daniel; Gay, Olivier; Gisin, Nicolas; Thew, Rob; Thoma, Yann; Trinkler, Patrick; Vannel, Fabien; Zbinden, Hugo openurl 
  Title Continuous high speed coherent one-way quantum key distribution Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Optics Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Express  
  Volume 17 Issue 16 Pages (up) 13326-13334  
  Keywords quantum cryptography, QKD, PNS, SSPD, coherent one way, COW  
  Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the first commercial quantum technology operating at the level of single quanta and is a leading light for quantum-enabled photonic technologies. However, controlling these quantum optical systems in real world environments presents significant challenges. For the first time, we have brought together three key concepts for future QKD systems: a simple high-speed protocol; high performance detection; and integration both, at the component level and for standard fibre network connectivity. The QKD system is capable of continuous and autonomous operation, generating secret keys in real time. Laboratory and field tests were performed and comparisons made with robust InGaAs avalanche photodiodes and superconducting detectors. We report the first real world implementation of a fully functional QKD system over a 43dB-loss (150km) transmission line in the Swisscom fibre optic network where we obtained average real-time distribution rates over 3 hours of 2.5bps.  
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  Call Number RPLAB @ akorneev @ Serial 602  
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Author Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast nanowire superconducting single-photon detector with photon number resolving capability Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume 7236 Issue Pages (up) 72360D (1 to 11)  
  Keywords PNR NbN SSPD, SNSPD, superconducting single-photon detectors, photon number resolving detectors, ultrathin NbN films  
  Abstract In this paper we present a review of the state-of-the-art superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD), its characterization and applications. We also present here the next step in the development of SSPD, i.e. photon-number resolving SSPD which simultaneously features GHz counting rate. We have demonstrated resolution up to 4 photons with quantum efficiency of 2.5% and 300 ps response pulse duration providing very short dead time.  
  Address  
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  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Arakawa, Y.; Sasaki, M.; Sotobayashi, H.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1403  
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Author Stucki, D.; Walenta, N.; Vannel, F.; Thew, R.T.; Gisin, N.; Zbinden, H.; Gray, S.; Towery, C. R.; Ten, S. doi  openurl
  Title High rate long-distance quantum key distribution over 250 km of ultra low loss fibres Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication New J. Phys. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 7 Pages (up) 075003  
  Keywords SSPD, quantum cryptography, QKD, COW  
  Abstract We present a fully automated quantum key distribution prototype running at 625 MHz clock rate. Taking advantage of ultra low loss fibres and low-noise superconducting detectors, we can distribute 6,000 secret bits per second over 100 km and 15 bits per second over 250km.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ akorneev @ Serial 610  
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