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Yates SJC, Baryshev AM, Baselmans JJA, Klein B, Güsten R. Fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Appl Phys Lett. 2009;95(4):3.
Abstract: Microwave kinetic inductance detectors have great potential for large, very sensitive detector arrays for use in, for example, submillimeter imaging. Being intrinsically readout in the frequency domain, they are particularly suited for frequency domain multiplexing allowing ~1000 s of devices to be readout with one pair of coaxial cables. However, this moves the complexity of the detector from the cryogenics to the warm electronics. We present here the concept and experimental demonstration of the use of fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout, showing no deterioration of the noise performance compared to the low noise analog mixing while allowing high multiplexing ratios.
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Gao JR, Hovenier JN, Yang ZQ, Baselmans JJA, Baryshev A, Hajenius M, et al. Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 2005;(86).
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Baselmans JJA, Baryshev A, Reker SF, Hajenius M, Gao JR, Klapwijk TM, et al. Direct detection effect in small volume hot electron bolometer mixers. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;86(16):163503 (1 to 3).
Abstract: We measure the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm)(0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electronbolometermixer at 1.6THz1.6THz. We find that the small signal sensitivity of the receiver is underestimated by 35% due to the direct detection effect and that the optimal operating point is shifted to higher bias voltages when using calibration loads of 300K300K and 77K77K. Using a 200GHz200GHzbandpass filter at 4.2K4.2K the direct detection effect virtually disappears. This has important implications for the calibration procedure of these receivers in real telescope systems.
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Jackson BD, Baryshev AM, de Lange G, Gao JR, Shitov SV, Iosad NN, et al. Low-noise 1 THz superconductor-insulator-superconductor mixer incorporating a NbTiN/SiO2/Al tuning circuit. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 2001;79(3):436.
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Gao JR, Hovenier JN, Yang ZQ, Baselmans JJA, Baryshev A, Hajenius M, et al. Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;86:244104 (1 to 3).
Abstract: We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability.
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