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Korneeva, Y.; Sidorova, M.; Semenov, A.; Krasnosvobodtsev, S.; Mitsen, K.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Goltsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Comparison of hot-spot formation in NbC and NbN single-photon detectors |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1-4 |
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NbC, NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We report an experimental investigation of the hot-spot evolution in superconducting single-photon detectors made of disordered superconducting materials with different diffusivity and energy downconversion time values, i.e., 33-nm-thick NbN and 23-nm-thick NbC films. We have demonstrated that, in NbC film, only 405-nm photons produce sufficiently large hot spot to trigger a single-photon response. The dependence of detection efficiency on bias current for 405-nm photons in NbC is similar to that for 3400-nm photons in NbN. In NbC, large diffusivity and downconversion time result in 1-D critical current suppression profile compared with the usual 2-D profile in NbN. |
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1051-8223 |
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1348 |
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Tong, C.-Y. E.; Trifonov, A.; Shurakov, A.; Blundell, R.; Gol’tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
A microwave-operated hot-electron-bolometric power detector for terahertz radiation |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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25 |
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3 |
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2300604 (1 to 4) |
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NbN HEB mixer |
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A new class of microwave-operated THz power detectors based on the NbN hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixer is proposed. The injected microwave signal ( 1 GHz) serves the dual purpose of pumping the HEB element and enabling the read-out of the internal state of the device. A cryogenic amplifier amplifies the reflected microwave signal from the device and a homodyne scheme recovers the effects of the incident THz radiation. Two modes of operation have been identified, depending on the level of incident radiation. For weak signals, we use a chopper to chop the incident radiation against a black body reference and a lock-in amplifier to perform synchronous detection of the homodyne readout. The voltage measured is proportional to the incident power, and we estimate an optical noise equivalent power of 5pW/ √Hz at 0.83 THz. At higher signal levels, the homodyne circuit recovers the stream of steady relaxation oscillation pulses from the HEB device. The frequency of these pulses is in the MHz frequency range and bears a linear relationship with the incident THz radiation over an input power range of 15 dB. A digital frequency counter is used to measure THz power. The applicable power range is between 1 nW and 1 μW. |
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1558-2515 |
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1354 |
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Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Gol'tsman, G.; Hübers, H.-W. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Effect of magnetic field on the photon detection in thin superconducting meander structures |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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89 |
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10 |
Pages |
104513 (1 to 7) |
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NbN SSPD, SNSPD |
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We have studied the influence of an externally applied magnetic field on the photon and dark count rates of meander-type niobium nitride superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Measurements have been performed at a temperature of 4.2 K, and magnetic fields up to 250 mT have been applied perpendicularly to the meander plane. While photon count rates are field independent at weak applied fields, they show a strong dependence at fields starting from approximately ±25 mT. This behavior, as well as the magnetic field dependence of the dark count rates, is in good agreement with the recent theoretical model of vortex-assisted photon detection and spontaneous vortex crossing in narrow superconducting lines. However, the local reduction of the superconducting free energy due to photon absorption, which is the fitting parameter in the model, increases much slower with the photon energy than the model predicts. Furthermore, changes in the free-energy during photon counts and dark counts depend differently on the current that flows through the meander. This indicates that photon counts and dark counts occur in different parts of the meander. |
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1098-0121 |
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1367 |
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Samsonova, A. S.; Zolotov, P. I.; Baeva, E. M.; Lomakin, A. I.; Titova, N. A.; Kardakova, A. I.; Goltsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Signatures of surface magnetic disorder in niobium films |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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31 |
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5 |
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1-5 |
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Nb films |
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We present our studies on the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties with thickness of thin Nb films with a low level of non-magnetic disorder ( kFl≈150 for the thickest film in the set). The analysis of the superconducting behavior points to the presence of magnetic moments, hidden in the native oxide on the surface of Nb films. Using the Abrikosov-Gorkov theory, we obtain the density of surface magnetic moments of 1013 cm −2 , which is in agreement with the previously reported data for Nb films. |
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1051-8223 |
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1792 |
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Peltonen, J. T.; Astafiev, O. V.; Korneeva, Y. P.; Voronov, B. M.; Korneev, A. A.; Charaev, I. M.; Semenov, A. V.; Golt'sman, G. N.; Ioffe, L. B.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Tsai, J. S. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Coherent flux tunneling through NbN nanowires |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Phys. Rev. B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys. Rev. B |
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Volume |
88 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
220506 (1 to 5) |
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NbN nanowires |
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We demonstrate evidence of coherent magnetic flux tunneling through superconducting nanowires patterned in a thin highly disordered NbN film. The phenomenon is revealed as a superposition of flux states in a fully metallic superconducting loop with the nanowire acting as an effective tunnel barrier for the magnetic flux, and reproducibly observed in different wires. The flux superposition achieved in the fully metallic NbN rings proves the universality of the phenomenon previously reported for InOx. We perform microwave spectroscopy and study the tunneling amplitude as a function of the wire width, compare the experimental results with theories, and estimate the parameters for existing theoretical models. |
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1098-0121 |
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1369 |
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Author |
Zhang, W.; Miao, W.; Li, S. L.; Zhou, K. M.; Shi, S. C.; Gao, J. R.; Goltsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Measurement of the spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2300804-2300804 |
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Keywords |
NbN HEB detector |
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Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEBs) often drops dramatically at frequencies that are still within the frequency range of interest (e.g., ~ 5 THz). This is inconsistent with the implied low receiver noise temperatures from the same measurements. To understand this discrepancy, we exhaustively test and calibrate the thermal sources used in Fourier transform spectrometer measurements. We first investigate the absolute emission spectrum of high-pressure Hg arc lamp, then measure the spectral response of two spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs with a Martin-Puplett interferometer as spectrometer and 77 K blackbody as broadband signal source. The measured absolute emission spectrum of Hg arc lamp is proportional to frequency, corresponding to an equivalent blackbody temperature of 4000 K at 1 THz, 1500 K at 3 THz, and 800 K at 5 THz, respectively. Measured spectral response of spiral-antenna coupled NbN HEBs, corrected for air absorption, is nearly flat in the frequency range of 0.5-4 THz, consistent with simulated coupling efficiency between HEB and spiral-antenna. These results explain the discrepancy, and prove that spiral-antenna coupled superconducting NbN HEBs work well in a wide frequency range. In addition, this calibration method and these results are broadly applicable to other quasi-optical THz receivers. |
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1051-8223 |
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1371 |
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Author |
Shurakov, A.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Blundell, R.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Microwave stabilization of a HEB mixer in a pulse-tube cryocooler |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1501504-1501504 |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We report the results of our study of the stability of an 800 GHz hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer cooled with a pulse-tube cryocooler. Pulse-tube cryocoolers introduce temperature fluctuations as well as mechanical vibrations at a frequency of ~1 Hz, both of which can cause receiver gain fluctuations at that frequency. In our system, the motor of the cryocooler was separated from the cryostat to minimize mechanical vibrations, leaving thermal effects as the dominant source of the receiver gain fluctuations. We measured root mean square temperature variations of the 4 K stage of ~7 mK. The HEB mixer was pumped by a solid state local oscillator at 810 GHz. The root mean square current fluctuations at the low noise operating point (1.50 mV, 56.5 μA) were ~0.12 μA, and were predominantly due to thermal fluctuations. To stabilize the bias current, microwave radiation was injected to the HEB mixer. The injected power level was set by a proportional-integral-derivative controller, which completely compensates for the bias current oscillations induced by the pulse-tube cryocooler. Significant improvement in the Allan variance of the receiver output power was obtained, and an Allan time of 5 s was measured. |
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1051-8223 |
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1372 |
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Author |
Lusche, R.; Semenov, A.; Il'in, K.; Korneeva, Y.; Trifonov, A.; Korneev, A.; Hubers, H.; Siegel, M.; Gol'tsman, G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Effect of the wire width and magnetic field on the intrinsic detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
Abbreviated Journal |
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
2200205-2200205 |
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SSPD, SNSPD |
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We present thorough measurements of the intrinsic detection efficiency in the wavelength range from 350 to 2500 nm for meander-type TaN and NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with different widths of the nanowire. The width varied from 70 nm to 130 nm. The open-beam configuration allowed us to accurately normalize measured spectra and to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency. For detectors from both materials the intrinsic detection efficiency at short wavelengths amounts at 100% and gradually decreases at wavelengths larger than the specific cut-off wavelengths, which decreases with the width of the nanowire. Furthermore, we show that applying weak magnetic fields perpendicular to the meander plane decreases the smallest detectable photon flux. |
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1051-8223 |
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1376 |
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Pernice, W. H. P.; Schuck, C.; Minaeva, O.; Li, M.; Goltsman, G. N.; Sergienko, A. V.; Tang, H. X. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2012 |
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Nat. Commun. |
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Nat. Commun. |
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3 |
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1325 (1 to 10) |
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waveguide SSPD |
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Ultrafast, high-efficiency single-photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. However, imperfect modal matching and finite photon absorption rates have usually limited their maximum attainable detection efficiency. Here we demonstrate superconducting nanowire detectors atop nanophotonic waveguides, which enable a drastic increase of the absorption length for incoming photons. This allows us to achieve high on-chip single-photon detection efficiency up to 91% at telecom wavelengths, repeatable across several fabricated chips. We also observe remarkably low dark count rates without significant compromise of the on-chip detection efficiency. The detectors are fully embedded in scalable silicon photonic circuits and provide ultrashort timing jitter of 18 ps. Exploiting this high temporal resolution, we demonstrate ballistic photon transport in silicon ring resonators. Our direct implementation of a high-performance single-photon detector on chip overcomes a major barrier in integrated quantum photonics. |
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Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA |
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2041-1723 |
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PMID:23271658; PMCID:PMC3535416 |
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1375 |
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Rasulova, G. K.; Brunkov, P. N.; Pentin, I. V.; Egorov, A. Y.; Knyazev, D. A.; Andrianov, A. V.; Zakhar’in, A. O.; Konnikov, S. G.; Gol’tsman, G. N. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/doi.gif)
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Title |
A weakly coupled semiconductor superlattice as a potential for a radio frequency modulated terahertz light emitter |
Type ![sorted by Type field, ascending order (up)](https://db.rplab.ru/refbase/img/sort_asc.gif) |
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2012 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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100 |
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13 |
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131104 (1 to 4) |
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semiconductor superlattice |
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The bolometer response to THz radiation from a weakly coupled GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice biased in the self-oscillations regime has been observed. The bolometer signal is modulated with the frequency equal to the fundamental frequency of superlattice self-oscillations. The frequency spectrum of the bolometer signal contains higher harmonics whose frequency is a multiple of fundamental frequency of self-oscillations.
This work was supported by State Contracts Nos. 16.740.11.0044 and 16.552.11.7002 of Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Structural characterization was made on the equipment of the Joint Research Centre «Material science and characterization in advanced technology» (Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia). |
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0003-6951 |
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1379 |
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