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Author Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Zolotov, P. I.; Antipov, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Influence of deposited material energy on superconducting properties of the WSi films Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. Abbreviated Journal IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.  
  Volume (up) 781 Issue Pages 012013 (1 to 6)  
  Keywords WSi SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract WSi thin films have the advantages for creating SNSPDs with a large active area or array of detectors on a single substrate due to the amorphous structure. The superconducting properties of ultrathin WSi films substantially depends on their structure and thickness as the NbN films. Scientific groups investigating WSi films mainly focused only on changes of their thickness and the ratio of the components on the substrate at room temperature. This paper presents experiments to determine the effect of the bias potential on the substrate, the temperature of the substrate, and the peak power of pulsed magnetron sputtering, which is the equivalent of ionization, a tungsten target, on the surface resistance and superconducting properties of the WSi ultrathin films. The negative effect of the substrate temperature and the positive effect of the bias potential and the ionization coefficient (peak current) allow one to choose the best WSi films formation mode for SNSPD: substrate temperature 297 K, bias potential -60 V, and peak current 3.5 A.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1757-899X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1798  
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Author Antipov, A. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Vasilev, D. D.; Malevannaya, E. I.; Moiseev, K. M.; Smirnov, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Investigation of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors in mid-IR range Type Conference Article
  Year 2020 Publication IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. Abbreviated Journal IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.  
  Volume (up) 781 Issue Pages 012011 (1 to 5)  
  Keywords WSi, NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Spectral characteristics of WSi and NbN superconducting single-photon detectors with different surface resistance and width of nanowire strips have been investigated in the wavelength range of 1.3-2.5 μm. WSi structures with narrower strips demonstrated better performance for detection of single photons in longer wavelength range. The difference in normalized photon count rate for such structures reaches one order of magnitude higher in comparison with structures based on NbN thin films at 2.5 μm.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1757-899X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1799  
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Author Zolotov, P. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Morozov, P. V.; Seleznev, V. A.; Smirnov, K. V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Development of high-effective superconducting single-photon detectors aimed for mid-IR spectrum range Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume (up) 917 Issue Pages 062037  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report on development of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) with high intrinsic quantum efficiency in the wavelength range 1.31 – 3.3 μm. By optimization of the NbN film thickness and its compound, we managed to improve detection efficiency of the detectors in the range up to 3.3 μm. Optimized devices showed intrinsic quantum efficiencies as high as 10% at mid-IR range.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1233  
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Author Gol'tsman, G.; Maslennikov, S.; Finkel, M.; Antipov, S.; Kaurova, N.; Grishina, E.; Polyakov, S.; Vachtomin, Y.; Svechnikov, S.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nanostructured ultrathin NbN film as a terahertz hot-electron bolometer mixer Type Conference Article
  Year 2006 Publication Proc. MRS Abbreviated Journal Proc. MRS  
  Volume (up) 935 Issue Pages 210 (1 to 6)  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Planar spiral antenna coupled and directly lens coupled NbN HEB mixer structures are studied. An additional MgO buffer layer between the superconducting film and Si substrate is introduced. The buffer layer enables us to increase the gain bandwidth of a HEB mixer due to better acoustic transparency. The gain bandwidth is widened as NbN film thickness decreases and amounts to 5.2 GHz. The noise temperature of antenna coupled mixer is 1300 and 3100 K at 2.5 and 3.8 THz respectively. The structure and composition of NbN films is investigated by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy methods. Noise performance degradation at LO frequencies more than 3 THz is due to the use of a planar antenna and signal loss in contacts between the antenna and the sensitive NbN bridge. The mixer is reconfigured for operation at higher frequencies in a manner that receiver’s noise temperature is only 2300 K (3 times of quantum limit) at LO frequency of 30 THz.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0272-9172 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1440  
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Author Zolotov, P. I.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Lubenchenko, A. V.; Morozov, P. V.; Shurkaeva, I. V.; Smirnov, K. V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Influence of sputtering parameters on the main characteristics of ultra-thin vanadium nitride films Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume (up) 1124 Issue Pages 051030  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, VN  
  Abstract We researched the relation between deposition and ultra-thin VN films parameters. To conduct the experimental study we varied substrate temperature, Ar and N2 partial pressures and deposition rate. The study allowed us to obtain the films with close to the bulk values transition temperatures and implement such samples in order to fabricate superconducting single-photon detectors.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1228  
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Author Romanov, N. R.; Zolotov, P. I.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Divochiy, A. V.; Smirnov, K. V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Electron diffusivity measurements of VN superconducting single-photon detectors Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume (up) 1124 Issue Pages 051032  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD, VN  
  Abstract The research of ultrathin vanadium nitride (VN) films as a promising candidate for superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPD) is presented. The electron diffusivity measurements are performed for such devices. Devices that were fabricated out from 9.9 nm films had diffusivity coefficient of 0.41 cm2/s and from 5.4 nm – 0.54 cm2/s. Obtained values are similar to other typical SSPD materials. The diffusivity that increases along with decreasing of the film thickness is expected to allow fabrication of the devices with improved characteristics. Fabricated VN SSPDs showed prominent single-photon response in the range 0.9-1.55 µm.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1229  
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Author Moshkova, M.; Morozov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Smirnov, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Large active area superconducting single photon detector Type Conference Article
  Year 2019 Publication J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. Abbreviated Journal J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.  
  Volume (up) 1410 Issue Pages 012139  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present development of large active area superconducting single-photon detectors well coupled with standard 50 μm-core multi-mode fiber. The sensitive area of the SSPD is patterned using the photon-number-resolving design and occupies an area of 40×40 μm2. Using this approach, we have obtained excellent specifications: system detection efficiency of 47% measured using a 900 nm laser and low dark count rate of 100 cps. The main advantages of the approach presented are a very short dead time of the detector of 22 ns and FWHM jitter value of about 130 ps.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1742-6588 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1224  
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Author Zolotov, P.; Divochiy, A.; Vakhtomin, Y.; Moshkova, M.; Morozov, P.; Seleznev, V.; Smirnov, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Photon-number-resolving SSPDs with system detection efficiency over 50% at telecom range Type Conference Article
  Year 2018 Publication Proc. AIP Conf. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 1936 Issue 1 Pages 020019  
  Keywords NbN PNR SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We used technology of making high-efficiency superconducting single-photon detectors as a basis for improvement of photon-number-resolving devices. By adding optical cavity and using an improved NbN superconducting film, we enhanced previously reported system detection efficiency at telecom range for such detectors. Our results show that implementation of optical cavity helps to develop four-section device with quantum efficiency over 50% at 1.55 µm. Performed experimental studies of detecting multi-photon optical pulses showed irregularities over defining multi-photon through single-photon quantum efficiency.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number doi:10.1063/1.5025457 Serial 1231  
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Author Huebers, H.-W.; Semenov, A.; Richter, H.; Birk, M.; Krocka, M.; Mair, U.; Smirnov, K.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting hot electron bolometer as mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume (up) 4855 Issue Pages 395-401  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Heterodyne receivers for applications in astronomy need quantum limited sensitivity. In instruments which are currently under development for SOFIA or Herschel superconducting hot electron bolometers (HEB) will be used to achieve this goal at frequencies above 1.4 THz. We present results of the development of a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer for GREAT, the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies, which will be flown aboard SOFIA. The mixer is a small superconducting bridge incorporated in a planar feed antenna and a hyperhemispherical lens. Mixers with logarithmic-spiral and double-slot feed antennas have been investigated with respect to their noise temperature, conversion loss, linearity and beam pattern. At 2.5 THz a double sideband noise temperature of 2200 K was achieved. The conversion loss was 17 dB. The response of the mixer was linear up to 400 K load temperature. The performance was verified by measuring an emission line of methanol at 2.5 THz. The measured linewidth is in good agreement with the linewidth deduced from pressure broadening measurements at millimeter wavelength. The results demonstrate that the NbN HEB is very well suited as a mixer for far-infrared heterodyne receivers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Tucson, USA Editor Phillips, T. G.; Zmuidzinas, J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Presented at the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 4855 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Millimeter and Submillimeter Detectors for Astronomy  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 335  
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Author Verevkin, A. A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Sobolewski, R.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Drakinskij, V.; Smirnov, K.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.; Currie, M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for infrared wavelength quantum communications Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proc. SPIE Abbreviated Journal Proc. SPIE  
  Volume (up) 5105 Issue Pages 160-170  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD, applications, single-photon detector, quantum cryptography, quantum communications, superconducting devices  
  Abstract We have developed a new class of superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of infrared (IR) photons for secure quantum communications. The devices are operated on the quantum detection mechanism, based on the photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-wide superconducting stripe. The detectors are fabricated from 3.5-nm-thick NbN films and they operate at 4.2 K inside a closed-cycle refrigerator or liquid helium cryostat. Various continuous and pulsed laser sources have been used in our experiments, enabling us to determine the detector experimental quantum efficiency (QE) in the photon-counting mode, response time, time jitter, and dark counts. Our 3.5-nm-thick SSPDs reached QE above 15% for visible light photons and 5% at 1.3 – 1.5 μm infrared range. The measured real-time counting rate was above 2 GHz and was limited by the read-out electronics (intrinsic response time is <30 ps). The measured jitter was <18 ps, and the dark counting rate was <0.01 per second. The measured noise equivalent power (NEP) is 2 x 10-18 W/Hz1/2 at λ = 1.3 μm. In near-infrared range, in terms of the counting rate, jitter, dark counts, and overall sensitivity, the NbN SSPDs significantly outperform their semiconductor counterparts. An ultrafast quantum cryptography communication technology based on SSPDs is proposed and discussed.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher SPIE Place of Publication Editor Donkor, E.; Pirich, A.R.; Brandt, H.E.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Quantum Information and Computation  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1514  
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