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Author Gol'tsman, G. N.; Loudkov, D. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Terahertz superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers and their application in radio astronomy Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Radiophys. Quant. Electron. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 46 Issue 8/9 Pages 604-617  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract We review the latest developments, research, and radioastronomy applications of hot-electron bolometer (HEB) mixers operated in the terahertz waveband. The physical principles of operation of terahertz HEB mixers are presented, their manufacturing from ultrathin NbN films, the main HEB-mixer parameters and their measurement techniques are discussed, and practical terahertz radioastronomy projects based on heterodyne receivers with HEB mixers are considered.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-8443 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes UDC 537.312.62 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 472  
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Author Lusche, Robert; Semenov, Alexey; Huebers, Heinz-Willhelm; Ilin, Konstantin; Siegel, Michael; Korneeva, Yuliya; Trifonov, Andrey; Korneev, Alexander; Goltsman, Gregory url  openurl
  Title Effect of the wire geometry and an externally applied magnetic field on the detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors Type Abstract
  Year 2013 Publication INIS Abbreviated Journal INIS  
  Volume (up) 46 Issue 8 Pages 1-3  
  Keywords TaN, NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The interest in single-photon detectors in the near-infrared wavelength regime for applications, e.g. in quantum cryptography has immensely increased in the last years. Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) already show quite reasonable detection efficiencies in the NIR which can even be further improved. Novel theoretical approaches including vortex-assisted photon counting state that the detection efficiency in the long wavelength region can be enhanced by the detector geometry and an applied magnetic field. We present spectral measurements in the wavelength range from 350-2500 nm of the detection efficiency of meander-type TaN and NbN SNSPD with varying nanowire line width from 80 to 250 nm. Due to the used experimental setup we can accurately normalize the measured spectra and are able to extract the intrinsic detection efficiency (IDE) of our detectors. The results clearly indicate an improvement of the IDE depending on the wire width according to the theoretic models. Furthermore we experimentally found that the smallest detectable photon-flux can be increased by applying a small magnetic field to the detectors.  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1374  
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Author Słysz, W.; Węgrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Verevkin, A.; Sobolewski, R. url  openurl
  Title NbN superconducting single-photon detector coupled with a communication fiber Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 46 Issue 6 Pages 51-52  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present novel superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs), ba­sed on ultrathin NbN films, designed for fiber-based quantum communica­tions (lambda = 1.3 žm and 1.55 žm). For fiber-based operation, our SSPDs contain a special micromechanical construction integrated with the NbN structure, which enables efficient and mechanically very stabile fiber coupling. The detectors combine GHz counting rate, high quantum efficiency and very low level of dark counts. At 1.3 – 1.55 žm wavelength range our detector exhibits a quantum efficiency up to 10%.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Polish Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1481  
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Author Gerecht, E.; Musante, C. F.; Zhuang, Y.; Yngvesson, K. S.; Gol’tsman, G. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gershenzon, E. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title NbN hot electron bolometric mixerss—a new technology for low-noise THz receivers Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume (up) 47 Issue 12 Pages 2519-2527  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract New advances in hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers have recently resulted in record-low receiver noise temperatures at terahertz frequencies. We have developed quasi-optically coupled NbN HEB mixers and measured noise temperatures up to 2.24 THz, as described in this paper. We project the anticipated future performance of such receivers to have even lower noise temperature and local-oscillator power requirement as well as wider gain and noise bandwidths. We introduce a proposal for integrated focal plane arrays of HEB mixers that will further increase the detection speed of terahertz systems.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1557-9670 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1560  
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Author Kawamura, J.; Blundell, R.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Papa, D. C.; Hunter, T. R.; Paine, S. N.; Patt, F.; Gol'tsman, G.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gershenzon, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver for 800-GHz operation Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn.  
  Volume (up) 48 Issue 4 Pages 683-689  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers, LO power, local oscillator power, saturation, linearity, dynamic range  
  Abstract In this paper, we describe a superconductive hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver designed to operate in the partially transmissive 350-μm atmospheric window. The receiver employs an NbN thin-film microbridge as the mixer element, in which the main cooling mechanism of the hot electrons is through electron-phonon interaction. At a local-oscillator frequency of 808 GHz, the measured double-sideband receiver noise temperature is TRX=970 K, across a 1-GHz intermediate-frequency bandwidth centered at 1.8 GHz. We have measured the linearity of the receiver and the amount of local-oscillator power incident on the mixer for optimal operation, which is PLO&ap;1 μW. This receiver was used in making observations as a facility instrument at the Heinrich Hertz Telescope, Mt. Graham, AZ, during the 1998-1999 winter observing season.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-9480 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ lobanovyury @ Serial 573  
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Author Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Finkel, M. I.; Antipov, S. V.; Smirnov, K. V.; Kaurova, N. S.; Drakinskii, V. N.; Voronov, B. M.; Gol’tsman, G. N. url  openurl
  Title The gain bandwidth of mixers based on the electron heating effect in an ultrathin NbN film on a Si substrate with a buffer MgO layer Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication J. of communications technol. & electronics Abbreviated Journal J. of communications technol. & electronics  
  Volume (up) 48 Issue 6 Pages 671-675  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixers  
  Abstract Measurements of the intermediate frequency band 900 GHz of mixers based on the electron heating effect (EHE) in 2-nm- and 3.5-nm-thick superconducting NbN films sputtered on MgO and Si substrates with buffer MgO layers are presented. A 2-nm-thick superconducting NbN film with a critical temperature of 9.2 K has been obtained for the first time using a buffer MgO layer.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica, Birmingham, AL Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1064-2269 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17302119 (Полоса преобразования смесителей на эффекте разогрева электронов в ультратонких пленках NbN на подложках из Si с подслоем MgO) Approved no  
  Call Number Vakhtomin2003 Serial 1522  
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Author Verevkin, A.; Pearlman, A.; Slysz, W.; Zhang, J.; Currie, M.; Korneev, A.; Chulkova, G.; Okunev, O.; Kouminov, P.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detectors for near-infrared-wavelength quantum communications Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication J. Modern Opt. Abbreviated Journal J. Modern Opt.  
  Volume (up) 51 Issue 9-10 Pages 1447-1458  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The paper reports progress on the design and development of niobium-nitride, superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) for ultrafast counting of near-infrared photons for secure quantum communications. The SSPDs operate in the quantum detection mode, based on photon-induced hotspot formation and subsequent appearance of a transient resistive barrier across an ultrathin and submicron-width superconducting stripe. The devices are fabricated from 3.5 nm thick NbN films and kept at cryogenic (liquid helium) temperatures inside a cryostat. The detector experimental quantum efficiency in the photon-counting mode reaches above 20% in the visible radiation range and up to 10% at the 1.3–1.55 μn infrared range. The dark counts are below 0.01 per second. The measured real-time counting rate is above 2 GHz and is limited by readout electronics (the intrinsic response time is below 30 ps). The SSPD jitter is below 18 ps, and the best-measured value of the noise-equivalent power (NEP) is 2 × 10−18 W/Hz1/2. at 1.3 μm. In terms of photon-counting efficiency and speed, these NbN SSPDs significantly outperform semiconductor avalanche photodiodes and photomultipliers.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0950-0340 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1488  
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Author Semenov, A. D.; Nebosis, R. S.; Gousev, Yu. P.; Heusinger, M. A.; Renk, K. F. openurl 
  Title Analysis of the nonequilibrium photoresponse of superconducting films to pulsed radiation by use of a two-temperature model Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Phys. Rev. B Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. B  
  Volume (up) 52 Issue 1 Pages 581-590  
  Keywords HEB, NbN phonon scecific heat, Cp  
  Abstract Photoresponse of a superconducting film in the resistive state to pulsed radiation has been studied in the framework of a model assuming that two different effective temperatures can be assigned to the quasiparticle and phonon nonequilibrium distributions. The coupled electron-phonon-substrate system is described by a system of time-dependent energy-balance differential equations for effective temperatures. An analytical solution of the system is given and calculated voltage transients are compared with experimental photoresponse signals taking into account the radiation pulse shape and the time resolution of the readout electronics. It is supposed that a resistive state (vortices, fluxons, network of intergrain junctions, hot spots, phase slip centers) provides an ultrafast connection between electron temperature changes and changes of the film resistance and thus plays a minor role in the temporal evolution of the response. In accordance with experimental observations a two-component response was revealed from simulations. The slower component corresponds to a bolometric mechanism while the fast component is connected with the relaxation of the electron temperature. Calculated photoresponse transients are presented for different ratios of the electron and phonon specific heat, radiation pulse durations and fluences, and frequency band passes of registration electronics. From the amplitude of the bolometric component we determine the radiation energy absorbed in a film. This enables us to reveal an intrinsic electron-phonon scattering time even if it is much shorter than the time resolution of readout electronics. We analyze experimental voltage transients for NbN, YBa2Cu3O7, and TlBa2Ca2Cu3O9 superconducting films and find the electron-phonon interaction times at the transition temperatures of 17, 2.5, and 1.8 ps, respectively. The values are in reasonable agreement with data of other experiments.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 903  
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Author Meledin, D. V.; Marrone, D. P.; Tong, C.-Y. E.; Gibson, H.; Blundell, R.; Paine, S. N.; Papa, D.C.; Smith, M.; Hunter, T. R.; Battat, J.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A 1-THz superconducting hot-electron-bolometer receiver for astronomical observations Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.  
  Volume (up) 52 Issue 10 Pages 2338-2343  
  Keywords NbN HEB mixer, applications  
  Abstract In this paper, we describe a superconducting hot-electron-bolometer mixer receiver developed to operate in atmospheric windows between 800-1300 GHz. The receiver uses a waveguide mixer element made of 3-4-nm-thick NbN film deposited over crystalline quartz. This mixer yields double-sideband receiver noise temperatures of 1000 K at around 1.0 THz, and 1600 K at 1.26 THz, at an IF of 3.0 GHz. The receiver was successfully tested in the laboratory using a gas cell as a spectral line test source. It is now in use on the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory terahertz test telescope in northern Chile.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-9480 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1484  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Słysz, W.; Wegrzecki, M.; Bar, J.; Grabiec, P.; Górska, M.; Zwiller, V.; Latta, C.; Böhi, P.; Pearlman, A.J.; Cross, A.S.; Pan, D.; Kitaygorsky, J.; Komissarov, I.; Verevkin, A.; Milostnaya, I.; Korneev, A.; Minayeva, O.; Chulkova, G.; Smirnov, K.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G.N.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fibre-coupled, single photon detector based on NbN superconducting nanostructures for quantum communications Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication J. Modern Opt. Abbreviated Journal J. Modern Opt.  
  Volume (up) 54 Issue 2-3 Pages 315-326  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We present a novel, two-channel, single photon receiver based on two fibre-coupled, NbN, superconducting, single photon detectors (SSPDs). The SSPDs are nanostructured superconducting meanders and are known for ultrafast and efficient detection of visible-to-infrared photons. Coupling between the NbN detector and optical fibre was achieved using a micromechanical photoresist ring placed directly over the SSPD, holding the fibre in place. With this arrangement, we obtained coupling efficiencies up to ∼30%. Our experimental results showed that the best receiver had a near-infrared system quantum efficiency of 0.33% at 4.2 K. The quantum efficiency increased exponentially with the photon energy increase, reaching a few percent level for visible-light photons. The photoresponse pulses of our devices were limited by the meander high kinetic inductance and had the rise and fall times of approximately 250 ps and 5 ns, respectively. The receiver's timing jitter was in the 37 to 58 ps range, approximately 2 to 3 times larger than in our older free-space-coupled SSPDs. We stipulate that this timing jitter is in part due to optical fibre properties. Besides quantum communications, the two-detector arrangement should also find applications in quantum correlation experiments.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0950-0340 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1434  
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