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Author Смирнов, Константин Владимирович; Вахтомин, Юрий Борисович; Смирнов, Андрей Владимирович; Ожегов, Роман Викторович; Пентин, Иван Викторович; Дивочий, Александр Валерьевич; Сливинская, Елизавета Вячеславовна; Гольцман, Григорий Наумович url  openurl
  Title Приемники терагерцового и инфракрасного диапазонов, основанные на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика Abbreviated Journal Вестник НГУ. Серия: Физика  
  Volume (up) 5 Issue 4 Pages  
  Keywords HEB, SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract В работе представлены результаты разработки и создания чувствительных и ультрабыстрых приемников, основанных на тонкопленочных сверхпроводниковых наноструктурах: болометрах на эффекте электронного разогрева (HEB – hot-electron bolometer) и детекторах одиночных фотонов видимого и инфракрасного диапазонов волн (SSPD – superconducting singe-photon detector). Представлены основные принципы работы сверхпроводниковых устройств, технология создания и конструкционные особенности приемников, их основные типы и характеристики. Достигнутые рекордные значения параметров приемных систем позволяют использовать созданные приборы при решении различных научно-исследовательских задач в ближнем, среднем и дальнем ИК диапазонах волн.

This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectorsbased on thin film superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singe photon detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presentedas well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges.		  
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  Publisher Новосибирский государственный университет Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Russian Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Физика Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1818-7994 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes УДК 538.9 Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ смирнов2010приемники Serial 1033  
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Author Takemoto, K.; Nambu, Y.; Miyazawa, T.; Sakuma, Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Yorozu, S.; Arakawa, Y. doi  openurl
  Title Quantum key distribution over 120 km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Sci. Rep. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 5 Issue Pages 14383  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD applications, quantum key distribution, QKD  
  Abstract Advances in single-photon sources (SPSs) and single-photon detectors (SPDs) promise unique applications in the field of quantum information technology. In this paper, we report long-distance quantum key distribution (QKD) by using state-of-the-art devices: a quantum-dot SPS (QD SPS) emitting a photon in the telecom band of 1.5 μm and a superconducting nanowire SPD (SNSPD). At the distance of 100 km, we obtained the maximal secure key rate of 27.6 bps without using decoy states, which is at least threefold larger than the rate obtained in the previously reported 50-km-long QKD experiment. We also succeeded in transmitting secure keys at the rate of 0.307 bps over 120 km. This is the longest QKD distance yet reported by using known true SPSs. The ultralow multiphoton emissions of our SPS and ultralow dark count of the SNSPD contributed to this result. The experimental results demonstrate the potential applicability of QD SPSs to practical telecom QKD networks.  
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  Call Number Serial 1104  
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Author Lindgren, M.; Currie, M.; Zeng, W.-S.; Sobolewski, R.; Cherednichenko, S.; Voronov, B.; Gol'tsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Picosecond response of a superconducting hot-electron NbN photodetector Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume (up) 6 Issue 7-9 Pages 423-428  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract The ps optical response of ultrathin NbN photodetectors has been studied by electro-optic sampling. The detectors were fabricated by patterning ultrathin (3.5 nm thick) NbN films deposited on sapphire by reactive magnetron sputtering into either a 5×10 μm2 microbridge or 25 1 μm wide, 5 μm long strips connected in parallel. Both structures were placed at the center of a 4 mm long coplanar waveguide covered with Ti/Au. The photoresponse was studied at temperatures ranging from 2.15 K to 10 K, with the samples biased in the resistive (switched) state and illuminated with 100 fs wide laser pulses at 395 nm wavelength. At T=2.15 K, we obtained an approximately 100 ps wide transient, which corresponds to a NbN detector response time of 45 ps. The photoresponse can be attributed to the nonequilibrium electron heating effect, where the incident radiation increases the temperature of the electron subsystem, while the phonons act as the heat sink. The high-speed response of NbN devices makes them an excellent choice for an optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital circuits, as well as mixers for the terahertz regime. The multiple-strip detector showed a linear dependence on input optical power and a responsivity =3.9 V/W.  
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  ISSN 0964-1807 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1584  
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Author Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Stern, J. A.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Gerrits, T.; Vayshenker, I.; Baek, B.; Shaw, M. D.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W. doi  openurl
  Title Detecting single infrared photons with 93% system efficiency Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Nat. Photon. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 7 Issue 3 Pages 210-214  
  Keywords SSPD quantum efficiency  
  Abstract Single-photon detectors1 at near-infrared wavelengths with high system detection efficiency (>90%), low dark count rate (<1 c.p.s.), low timing jitter (<100 ps) and short reset time (<100 ns) would enable landmark experiments in a variety of fields2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Although some of the existing approaches to single-photon detection fulfil one or two of the above specifications1, to date, no detector has met all of the specifications simultaneously. Here, we report on a fibre-coupled single-photon detection system that uses superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors7 and closely approaches the ideal performance of single-photon detectors. Our detector system has a system detection efficiency (including optical coupling losses) greater than 90% in the wavelength range λ = 1,520–1,610 nm, with a device dark count rate (measured with the device shielded from any background radiation) of ~1 c.p.s., timing jitter of ~150 ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and reset time of 40 ns.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1056  
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Author Vorobyov, V. V.; Kazakov, A. Y.; Soshenko, V. V.; Korneev, A. A.; Shalaginov, M. Y.; Bolshedvorskii, S. V.; Sorokin, V. N.; Divochiy, A. V.; Vakhtomin, Y. B.; Smirnov, K. V.; Voronov, B. M.; Shalaev, V. M.; Akimov, A. V.; Goltsman, G. N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Superconducting detector for visible and near-infrared quantum emitters [Invited] Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Opt. Mater. Express Abbreviated Journal Opt. Mater. Express  
  Volume (up) 7 Issue 2 Pages 513-526  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Further development of quantum emitter based communication and sensing applications intrinsically depends on the availability of robust single-photon detectors. Here, we demonstrate a new generation of superconducting single-photon detectors specifically optimized for the 500–1100 nm wavelength range, which overlaps with the emission spectrum of many interesting solid-state atom-like systems, such as nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers in diamond. The fabricated detectors have a wide dynamic range (up to 350 million counts per second), low dark count rate (down to 0.1 counts per second), excellent jitter (62 ps), and the possibility of on-chip integration with a quantum emitter. In addition to performance characterization, we tested the detectors in real experimental conditions involving nanodiamond nitrogen-vacancy emitters enhanced by a hyperbolic metamaterial.  
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  ISSN 2159-3930 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1234  
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Author Kovalyuk, V.; Ferrari, S.; Kahl, O.; Semenov, A.; Shcherbatenko, M.; Lobanov, Y.; Ozhegov, R.; Korneev, A.; Kaurova, N.; Voronov, B.; Pernice, W.; Gol'tsman, G. doi  openurl
  Title On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Sci Rep Abbreviated Journal Sci Rep  
  Volume (up) 7 Issue 1 Pages 4812  
  Keywords waveguide, SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously.  
  Address National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 101000, Russia. ggoltsman@hse.ru  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2045-2322 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:28684752; PMCID:PMC5500578 Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ kovalyuk @ Serial 1129  
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Author Sidorova, Maria V.; Divochiy, Alexander V.; Vakhtomin, Yury B.; Smirnov, Konstantin V. doi  openurl
  Title Ultrafast superconducting single-photon detector with a reduced active area coupled to a tapered lensed single-mode fiber Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication J. Nanophoton. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 9 Issue 1 Pages 093051  
  Keywords SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract This paper presents an ultrafast niobium nitride (NbN) superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD) with an active area of 3×3  μm2 that offers better timing performance metrics than the previous SSPD with an active area of 7×7  μm2. The improved SSPD demonstrates a record timing jitter (<25  ps), an ultrashort recovery time (<2  ns), an extremely low dark count rate, and a high detection efficiency in a wide spectral range from visible part to near infrared. The record parameters were obtained due to the development of a new technique providing effective optical coupling between a detector with a reduced active area and a standard single-mode telecommunication fiber. The advantages of the new approach are experimentally confirmed by taking electro-optical measurements.  
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  ISSN 1934-2608 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes 10.1117/1.JNP.9.093051 Approved no  
  Call Number RPLAB @ sasha @ Serial 1052  
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Author Gupta, D.; Kadin, A. M. doi  openurl
  Title Single-photon-counting hotspot detector with integrated RSFQ readout electronics Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (up) 9 Issue 2 Pages 4487-4490  
  Keywords RSFQ, SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract Absorption of an infrared photon in an ultrathin film (such as 10-nm NbN) creates a localized nonequilibrium hotspot on the submicron length scale and sub-ns time scale. If a strip /spl sim/1 /spl mu/m wide is biased in the middle of the superconducting transition, this hotspot will lead to a resistance pulse with amplitude proportional to the energy of the incident photon. This resistance pulse, in turn, can be converted to a current pulse and inductively coupled to a SQUID amplifier with a digitized output, operating at 4 K or above. A preliminary design analysis indicates that this data can be processed on-chip, using ultrafast RSFQ digital circuits, to obtain a sensitive infrared detector for wavelengths up to 10 /spl mu/m and beyond, with bandwidth of 1 GHz, that counts individual photons and measures their energy with 25 meV resolution. This proposed device combines the speed of a hot-electron bolometer with the single-photon-counting ability of a transition-edge microcalorimeter, to obtain an infrared detector with sensitivity, speed, and spectral selectivity that are unmatched by any alternative technology.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1080  
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Author Korneeva, Y. P.; Vodolazov, D. Y.; Semenov, A. V.; Florya, I. N.; Simonov, N.; Baeva, E.; Korneev, A. A.; Goltsman, G. N.; Klapwijk, T. M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Optical single-photon detection in micrometer-scale NbN bridges Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Phys. Rev. Applied Abbreviated Journal Phys. Rev. Applied  
  Volume (up) 9 Issue 6 Pages 064037 (1 to 13)  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We demonstrate experimentally that single-photon detection can be achieved in micrometer-wide NbN bridges, with widths ranging from 0.53 to 5.15  μm and for photon wavelengths of 408 to 1550 nm. The microbridges are biased with a dc current close to the experimental critical current, which is estimated to be about 50% of the theoretically expected depairing current. These results offer an alternative to the standard superconducting single-photon detectors, based on nanometer-scale nanowires implemented in a long meandering structure. The results are consistent with improved theoretical modeling based on the theory of nonequilibrium superconductivity, including the vortex-assisted mechanism of initial dissipation.  
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  ISSN 2331-7019 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1303  
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Author Il'in, K. S.; Currie, M.; Lindgren, M.; Milostnaya, I. I.; Verevkin, A. A.; Gol'tsman, G. N.; Sobolewski, R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Quantum efficiency and time-domain response of superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. Abbreviated Journal IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.  
  Volume (up) 9 Issue 2 Pages 3338-3341  
  Keywords NbN SSPD, SNSPD  
  Abstract We report our studies on the response of ultrathin superconducting NbN hot-electron photodetectors. We have measured the photoresponse of few-nm-thick, micron-size structures, which consisted of single and multiple microbridges, to radiation from the continuous-wave semiconductor laser and the femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser with the wavelength of 790 nm and 400 nm, respectively. The maximum responsivity was observed near the film's superconducting transition with the device optimally current-biased in the resistive state. The responsivity of the detector, normalized to its illuminated area and the coupling factor, was 220 A/W(3/spl times/10/sup 4/ V/W), which corresponded to a quantum efficiency of 340. The responsivity was wavelength independent from the far infrared to the ultraviolet range, and was at least two orders of magnitude higher than comparable semiconductor optical detectors. The time constant of the photoresponse signal was 45 ps, when was measured at 2.15 K in the resistive (switched) state using a cryogenic electro-optical sampling technique with subpicosecond resolution. The obtained results agree very well with our calculations performed using a two-temperature model of the electron heating in thin superconducting films.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1051-8223 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1566  
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