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Gershenzon EM, Gershenzon ME, Goltsman GN, Semenov AD, Sergeev AV. Wide-band highspeed Nb and YBaCuO detectors. IEEE Trans Magn. 1991;27(2):2836–9.
Abstract: The physical limitations on the response time and the nature of nonequilibrium detection of radiation were investigated for Nb and YBCO film in a wide spectral range from millimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. In the case of ideal heat removal from the film, the detection mechanism is connected with an electron heating effect which is not selective over a wide spectral interval. For Nb, the dependence of the response time on the electron mean free path l and temperature T is tau varies as T/sup -2/l/sup -1/. The values of detectivity D* and tau are 3*10/sup 11/ W/sup -1/ Hz/sup 1/2/ cm and 5*10/sup -9/ s at T=1.6 K, respectively. For YBCO film the tau value of 1-2 ps at T=77 K was obtained; the NEP value of 3*10/sup -11/ W-Hz/sup -1/2/ can be obtained at T=77 K in the case of the optimal film matching to the radiation.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol’tsman GN, Gousev YP, Elant’ev AI, Semenov AD. Electromagnetic radiation mixer based on electron heating in resistive state of superconductive Nb and YBaCuO films. IEEE Trans Magn. 1991;27(2):1317–20.
Abstract: A theory of an electron-heating mixer which makes it possible to calculate all the characteristics of the device is developed. It is shown that positive conversion gain is possible for such a mixer in the millimeter to near-infrared wavelength range. The dynamic range and the optimum heterodyne power can be selected from a very wide interval by varying the mixing element volume. Measurements made for Nb within the frequency range of 120-750 GHz confirm the theory. The conversion loss obtained at T=1.6 K and normalized to the element reaches 0.3 dB in the intermediate frequency band of 40 MHz; the possible noise temperature is 50 K. The estimation of noise temperature and output band for YBaCuO at T=77 yields 200 K and more than 10 GHz, respectively.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol’tsman GN, Semenov AD, Sergeev AV. Mechanism of picosecond response of granular YBaCuO films to electromagnetic radiation. IEEE Trans Magn. 1991;27(2):1321–4.
Abstract: Ultrafast mechanisms of radiation detection in granular YBaCuO films are studied in the wide wavelength range from millimeter waves to near infrared. With an increase in radiation frequency, the Josephson detection at the grain-boundary weak links is replaced by electron heating into the grains. This change occurs in the submillimeter wavelength range. The electron-phonon relaxation time tau /sub eph/ is determined from direct measurements, quasi-stationary electron heating measurements, and the frequency dependence of the current at which maximum voltage shift is observed. The temperature dependence of tau /sub eph/ at T<or=40 K was found to be tau /sub eph/ approximately T/sup -1/. The results show that detectors with a response time of a few picoseconds at nitrogen temperature are attainable.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol’tsman GN, Dzardanov AL, Zorin MA. Ultrafast superconductive switch. IEEE Trans Magn. 1991;27(2):2844–6.
Abstract: The transition from superconductive to resistive state caused by infrared radiation and bias current pulses was investigated in order to minimize switching time tau and driving power W. Experimental results for Nb microstrips confirm the correctness of calculations based on the model of electron heating. For Nb switches, tau measured directly is 0.3-0.8 ns for radiation pulses and 1-3 ns for bias current pulses at T=4.2 K, while for YBaCuO switches at T=77 K it is expected to be several picoseconds. For an YBaCuO sample with the dimensions of 5*2*0.15 mu m/sup 2/, W was 10 mW, and it can be further reduced to the order of several microwatts by decreasing the volume of the sample.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Semenov AD. Submillimeter backward wave tube spectrometer for measuring superconducting film transmission. Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta. 1983;26(5):134–7.
Abstract: A spectrometer employing six backward wave tubes is described. It is intended for investigation of superconductors in the 0.2-3 mm range of wave lengths. During the measurement of the transmission spectrum it is possible to determine the energy gap for superconduct1ng films 50 to 4000 A thick. The transmission factor can vary from 10-1 to 10-9. Spectrum of relation of film transmission factors in superconducting and normal states is measured for determining the energy gap 2 Δ. The transmission spectrum obtained by means of a computer for vanadium film 300 A thick is given as an example. The energy gap 2 Δ = 1.4 MeV
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Gershenzon EM, Orlova SL, Orlov LA, Ptitsina NG, Rabinovich RI. Intervalley cyclotron-impurity resonance of electrons in n-Ge. JETP Lett. 1976;24(3):125–8.
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Men’shchikov EM, Gogidze IG, Sergeev AV, Elant’ev AI, Kuminov PB, Gol’tsman GN, et al. Superconducting fast detector based on the nonequilibrium inductance response of a film of niobium nitride. Tech Phys Lett. 1997;23(6):486–8.
Abstract: A new type of fast detector is proposed, whose operation is based on the variation of the kinetic inductance of a superconducting film caused by nonequilibrium quasiparticles created by the electromagnetic radiation. The speed of the detector is determined by the rate of multiplication of photo-excited quasiparticles, and is nearly independent of the temperature, being less than 1 ps for NbN. Models based on the Owen-Scalapino scheme give a good description of the experimentally determined dependence of the power-voltage sensitivity of the detector on the modulation frequency. The lifetime of the quasiparticles is determined, and it is shown that the reabsorption of nonequilibrium phonons by the condensate has a substantial effect even in ultrathin NbN films 5 nm thick, and results in the maximum possible quantum yield. A low concentration of equilibrium quasiparticles and a high quantum yield result in a detectivity D*=1012 W−1·Hz1/2 at a temperature T=4.2 K and D*=1016 W−1·cm· Hz1/2 at T=1.6 K.
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Voevodin EI, Gershenzon EM, Goltsman GN, Ptitsina NG. Energy-spectrum of shallow acceptors in Ge deformed strongly by a uniaxial pressure. Sov Phys and Technics of Semiconductors. 1989;23(8):843–6.
Abstract: Проведены исследования спектров фототермической ионизации мелких акцепторов (В, Аl) в Ge, предельно сжатом вдоль кристаллографической оси [100]. Из данных измерений с учетом теории построен энергетический спектр примесей. Показано, что энергии большого числа уровней четных и нечетных состояний хорошо соответствуют расчету, выполненному для примесей в анизотропном полупроводнике с параметром анизотропии γ=m∗⊥/m∗∥>1.
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Voevodin EI, Gershenzon EM, Goltsman GN, Ptitsina NG, Chulkova GM. Capture of free holes by charged acceptors in uniaxially deformed Ge. Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov. 1988;22(3):540–3.
Abstract: Цель настоящей работы — исследование кинетики примесной фотопроводимости p-Ge при сильном одноосном сжатии в широком диапазоне изменения интенсивности примесного подсвета, создающего свободные дырки, и определение сечения каскадного захвата дырок на мелкие заряженные акцепторы в условиях преобладания электрон-фононного механизма потерь энергии.
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Gershenzon EM, Orlov LA, Ptitsina NG. Absorption spectra in electron transitions between excited states of impurities in germanium. JETP Lett. 1975;22(4):95–7.
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