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Gershenzon EM, Gershenzon ME, Gol'tsman GN, Semenov AD, Sergeev AV. Heating of electrons in a superconductor in the resistive state by electromagnetic radiation. Sov Phys JETP. 1984;59(2):442–50.
Abstract: The effect of heating of electrons relative to phonons is observed and investigated in a superconducting film that is made resistive by current and by an external magnetic field. The effect is manifested by an increase of the film resistance under the influence of the electromagnetic radiation, and is not selective in the frequency band 10^10-10^15 Hz. The independence of the effect of frequency under conditions of strong scattering by static defects is attributed to the decisive role of electron-electron collisions in the distribution function. The experimentally obtained characteristic time of resistance variation near the superconducting transition corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter, while at lower temperatures and fields it corresponds to the time of the inelastic electron-phonon interaction.
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Gershenzon EM, Gershenzon ME, Gol'tsman GN, Semyonov AD, Sergeev AV. Heating of electrons in superconductor in the resistive state due to electromagnetic radiation. Solid State Communications. 1984;50(3):207–12.
Abstract: The effect of heating electrons with respect to phonons in a thin superconducting film driven into the resistive state by the current and the external magnetic field has been observed and investigated. This effect caused by the electromagnetic radiation is manifested in the increased resistance of the film and is not selective over the frequency range from 1010 to 1015 Hz. That the effect is frequency independent under the conditions of strong electron scattering caused by static defects is explained by the decisive role of electron -electron collisions in forming the distribution function. The characteristic time of resistance change, obtained experimentally, corresponds to the relaxation time of the order parameter near the superconducting transition and to the relaxation time of the nonelastic electron-phonon interaction at lower temperatures and in lower magnetic fields.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Ptitsina NG, Riger ER. Effect of electron-electron collisions on the trapping of free carriers by shallow impurity centers in germanium. Sov Phys JETP. 1986;64(4):889–97.
Abstract: Cascade Auger recombination of free carriers on shallow impurities in Ge is investigated under quasi-equilibrium conditions (T= 2-12 K) and in impurity breakdown. The Auger capture cross sections are found to be a,= 5. 10-l9 T-'n cm2 for donors and uip= 7- T-5p cm2 for acceptors. It is shown that in an isotropic semiconductor (p-Ge) ui is well described by the cascade-capture theory that takes into account only electron-electron collisions. In an anisotropic semiconductor ui is considerably larger (n-Ge, strongly uniaxially compressedp-Ge). Under impurity breakdown conditions the electron-electron collisions determine the lifetimes of the free carriers only in samples with appreciable density of the compensating impurity (Nk loi3 cmP3).
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Mirskii GI. Submillimeter backward-wave-tube spectrometer-relaxometer. Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta. 1987;30(4):131–7.
Abstract: A backward-wave-tube (BWT) spectrometer-relaxometer is described that is designed for study of the relaxation characteristics of photoconductors in the wavelength range of 2-0.25 mm – in particular, to measure the relaxation times of the submillimeter photoconductivity of germanium in the range of 10[sup:-4]-10[sup:-9] sec and to determine from these data the concentration of compensating impurities of from 10[sup:10] to 10[sup:14] cm[sup:-3]. The instrument uses the beats of the oscillations of two BWTs and records the amplitude-frequency response of the specimen with variation of the beat frequency from 10[sup:4] to 10[sup:8] Hz with accumulation of the desired signal for less than or equal to1 sec by means of a quadrature synchronous detector. The beat frequency is stabilized and the quadrature voltages of the synchronous detector are formed by means of phase-locked loops.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Karasik BS, Semenov AD. Measurement of the energy gap in the compound YBaCu3O9-δ on the basis of the IR absorption spectrum. JETP Lett. 1987;46(5):237–8.
Abstract: For the first time the long-wave infrared absorption spectrum has been measured by means of the bolometric effect and energy gap for high-temperature superconducting ceramics YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 9-delta/ has been determined from absorption threshold. 2delta/kT/sub c/ value is equal to 0.6.
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Gol'tsman GN, Gusinskii EN, Malyavkin AV, Ptitsina NG, Selevko AG, Edel'shtein VM. The excitonic Zeeman effect in uniaxially-strained germanium. Sov Phys JETP. 1987;65(6):1233–41.
Abstract: We have carried out a high-resolution spectroscopic study of the absorption of submillimeter radiation by free excitons in germanium compressed along the [ 1 11 ] axis in a magnetic field parallel to the compression axis. In particular, we studied the splitting of the 1s- 2p transition in fields up to 6 kOe at T = 1.6 K, and observed a complex pattern in the Zeeman splitting which we believe is related to the effect of thermal motion of the excitons in a magnetic field on their internal structure (the magneto-Stark effect). The calculated submillimeter spectrum of excitons agrees with the experimental data. We predict that in a magnetic field the energy of the 2p, term is a minimum at a finite value of the exciton momentum perpendicular to the field-that is, the energy minimum forms a ring in momentum space. It follows that the density of states for this term must be a nonmonotonic function of the energy. A theory is developed of analogous phenomena in positronium.
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Gershenzon EM, Gershenzon ME, Gol'tsman GN, Karasik BS, Semenov AD, Sergeev AV. Light-induced heating of electrons and the time of the inelastic electron-phonon scattering in the YBaCuO compound. JETP Lett. 1987;46(6):285–7.
Abstract: For the first time, measurements have been made on the electron energy relaxation time due to the electron--phonon interaction in films of the YBaCuO superconductor. The results indicate a significant intensification of the electron--phonon interaction in this compound as compared with normal superconducting metals.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Elantiev AI, Karasik BS, Potoskuev SE. Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of electrons of a superconductor in the resistive state. Sov J Low Temp Phys. 1988;14(7):414–20.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN, Elant'ev AI, Karasik BS, Potoskuev SE. Intense electromagnetic radiation heating of superconductor electrons in resistive state. Fizika Nizkikh Temperatur. 1988;14(7):753–63.
Abstract: An experimental study is made of the effect of intense radiation in the millimeter and submillimeter ranges on thin and narrow Nb films in the resistive state. It is found that the excess resistance resulting from radiation and the dependence of its relaxation time on radiation intensity and transport current can be explained in terms of the effect of electron heating. Quantitative agreement is obtained between the experimental data and a homogeneous electron heating model.
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Gershenzon EM, Gol'tsman GN. Effect of electromagnetic radiation on a superconductor in a magnetic field. In: Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Seriya Fizicheskaya. Vol 52.; 1988. p. 449–51.
Abstract: The effect of electromagnetic radiation on thin superconducting films of Nb with a large number of static defects is investigated experimentally for the case where the film is in the resistive state due to an applied magnetic field and transport current. The results obtained are found to be well described by a model of spatially homogeneous electron heating. It is noted that the results obtained here for Nb films are also valid for Al, NbN, and MoRe films.
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