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Gerecht E, Musante CF, Jian H, Yngvesson KS, Dickinson J, Waldman J, et al. Measured results for NbN phonon-cooled hot electron bolometric mixers at 0.6-0.75 THz, 1.56 THz, and 2.5 THz. In: Proc. 9th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 1998. p. 105–14.
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Cherednichenko S, Kroug M, Yagoubov P, Merkel H, Kollberg E, Yngvesson KS, et al. IF bandwidth of phonon cooled HEB mixers made from NbN films on MgO substrates. In: Proc. 11th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 2000. p. 219–27.
Abstract: An investigation of gain and noise bandwidth of phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometric (HEB) mixers is presented. The radiation coupling to the mixers is quasioptical through either a spiral or twin-slot antenna. A maximum gain bandwidth of 4.8 GHz is obtained for mixers based on a 3.5 nm thin NbN film with Tc= 10 K. The noise bandwidth is 5.6 GHz, at the moment limited by parasitic elements in the, device mount fixture. At 0.65 THz the DSB receiver noise temperature is 700-800 К in the IF band 1-2 GHz, and 1150-2700 К in the band 3.5-7 GHz.
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Yngvesson KS, Gerecht E, Musante CF, Zhuang Y, Ji M, Goyette TM, et al. Low-noise HEB heterodyne receivers and focal plane arrays for the THz regime using NbN. In: Hwu RJ, Wu K, editors. Proc. SPIE. Vol 3795. SPIE; 1999. p. 357–68.
Abstract: We have developed prototype HEB receivers using thin film superconducting NbN devices deposited on silicon substrates. The devices are quasi-optically coupled through a silicon lens and a self-complementary log-specific toothed antenna. We measured DSB receiver noise temperatures of 500 K (13 X hf/2k) at 1.56 THz and 1,100 K (20 X hf/2k) at 2.24 THz. Noise temperatures are expected to fall further as devices and quasi-optical coupling methods are being optimized. The measured 3 dB IF conversion gain bandwidth for one device was 3 GHz, and it is estimated that the bandwidth over which the receiver noise temperature is within 3 dB of its minimum value is 6.5 GHz which is sufficient for a number of practical applications. We will discuss our latest results and give a detailed description of our prototype setup and experiments. We will also discuss our plans for developing focal plane arrays with tens of Hot Electron Bolometric mixer elements on a single silicon substrate which will make real time imaging systems in the THz region feasible.
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Gerecht E, Musante CF, Jian H, Zhuang Y, Yngvesson KS, Dickinson J, et al. Improved characteristics of NbN HEB mixers integrated with log-periodic antennas. In: Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 1999. p. 200–7.
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Gerecht E, Musante CF, Yngvesson KS, Waldman J, Gol'tsman GN, Yagoubov PA, et al. Optical coupling and conversion gain for NbN HEB mixer at THz frequencies. In: Proc. 4-th Int. Semicond. Device Research Symp.; 1997. p. 47–50.
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