Lobanov YV, Tong C-yu E, Hedden AS, Blundell R, Gol’tsman GN. Microwave-assisted measurement of the frequency response of terahertz HEB mixers with a Fourier transform spectrometer. In: Proc. 21th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 2010. p. 420–3.
Abstract: We describe a novel method of operation of the HEB direct detector for use with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer. Instead of elevating the bath temperature, we have measured the RF response of waveguide HEB mixers by applying microwave radiation to select appropriate bias conditions. In our experiment, a microwave signal is injected into the HEB mixer via its IF port. By choosing an appropriate injection level, the device can be operated close to the desired operating point. Furthermore, we have shown that both thermal biasing and microwave injection can reproduce the same spectral response of the HEB mixer. However, with the use of microwave injection, there is no need to wait for the mixer to reach thermal equilibrium, so characterisation can be done in less time. Also, the liquid helium consumption for our wet cryostat is also reduced. We have demonstrated that the signal- to-noise ratio of the FTS measurements can be improved with microwave injection.
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Semenov A, Hübers H-W, Richter H, Birk M, Krocka M, Mair U, et al. Performance of terahertz heterodyne receiver with a superconducting hot-electron mixer. In: Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 2002. p. 229–34.
Abstract: During the past decade major advances have been made regarding low noise mixers for terahertz heterodyne receivers. State of the art hot-electron-bolometer (HEB) mixers have noise temperatures close to the quantum limit and require less than a microwatt power from the local oscillator (L0). The technology is now at a point where the performance of a practical receiver employing such mixer, rather than the figures of merit of the mixer itself, is of major concern. We have incorporated a phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixer in a 2.5 THz heterodyne receiver and investigated its performance. This yields important information for future development of heterodyne receivers such as GREAT (German receiver for astronomy at THz frequencies aboard SOFIA) [1] and TELIS (Terahertz limb sounder), a balloon borne heterodyne receiver for atmospheric research [2]. Both are currently under development at DLR.
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An Z, Chen J-C, Ueda T, Komiyama S, Hirakawa K. Infrared phototransistor using capacitively coupled two-dimensional electron gas layers. Appl Phys Lett. 2005;86:172106-3.
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Jang YR, Yoo K-H, Park SM. Rapid thermal annealing of ZnO thin films grown at room temperature. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A. 2010;28(2):4.
Abstract: The authors successfully obtained high quality ZnO thin films by growing them at room temperature (RT) and postannealing by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on Si (100) substrates at RT, and RTA was performed under various temperatures and ambient conditions. Based on the UV emission to visible emission ratio in RT photoluminescence (PL) spectra, the optimum film was obtained at annealing temperature ~700 °C in an ambient of Ar, N2, or O2 at 0.1 Torr, while the optimum annealing temperature was above 1100 °C in the air ambient at atmospheric pressure. The morphology and structure of the films in different RTA conditions were investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction, and were discussed in conjunction with the PL data.
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Zwiller V<cc><81>ry, Blom H, Jonsson P, Panev N, Jeppesen S, Tsegaye T, et al. Single quantum dots emit single photons at a time: Antibunching experiments. Appl Phys Lett. 2001;78(17):2476.
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