Novotny L. Effective wavelength scaling for optical antennas. Phys Rev Lett. 2007;98(26):266802(1–4).
Abstract: In antenna theory, antenna parameters are directly related to the wavelength λ of incident radiation, but this scaling fails at optical frequencies where metals behave as strongly coupled plasmas. In this Letter we show that antenna designs can be transferred to the optical frequency regime by replacing λ by a linearly scaled effective wavelength λeff=n1+n2λ/λp, with λp being the plasma wavelength and n1, n2 being coefficients that depend on geometry and material properties. It is assumed that the antenna is made of linear segments with radii Râ‰<aa>λ. Optical antennas hold great promise for increasing the efficiency of photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, and optical sensors.
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Smolyaninov II, Zayats AV, Stanishevsky A, Davis CC. Optical control of photon tunneling through an array of nanometer-scale cylindrical channels. Phys Rev B. 2002;66(20):205414_1–5.
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Su MY, Carter SG, Sherwin MS. Strong-field terahertz optical mixing in excitons. Phys Rev B. 2003;67(12).
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Ciulin V, Carter SG, Sherwin MS. Terahertz optical mixing in biased GaAs single quantum wells. Phys Rev B. 2004;70(11):115312–(1.
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Kerman AJ, Yang JKW, Molnar RJ, Dauler EA, Berggren KK. Electrothermal feedback in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. Phys Rev B. 2009;79(10):4.
Abstract: We investigate the role of electrothermal feedback in the operation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). It is found that the desired mode of operation for SNSPDs is only achieved if this feedback is unstable, which happens naturally through the slow electrical response associated with their relatively large kinetic inductance. If this response is sped up in an effort to increase the device count rate, the electrothermal feedback becomes stable and results in an effect known as latching, where the device is locked in a resistive state and can no longer detect photons. We present a set of experiments which elucidate this effect and a simple model which quantitatively explains the results.
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