Gousev YP, Gol'tsman GN, Karasik BS, Gershenzon EM, Semenov AD, Barowski HS, et al. Quasioptical superconducting hot electron bolometer for submillmeter waves. Int J of Infrared and Millimeter Waves. 1996;17(2):317–31.
Abstract: We report on a superconducting hot electron bolometer coupled to radiation via a broadband antenna. The bolometer, a structured NbN film, was patterned on a thin dielectric membrane between terminals of a gold slotline antenna. We investigated the response to submillimeter radiation (wave-lengths ∼ 0.1 mm to 0.7 mm) in the fundamental Gaussian mode. We found that the directivity of the antenna was constant within a factor of 2.5 through the whole experimental range. The noise equivalent power of the bolometer at 119 µm was ∼ 3 · 10−13 W/Hz1/2; a time constant of ∼ 160 ps was estimated.
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Chen J, Kang L, Jin BB, Xu WW, Wu PH, Zhang W, et al. Properties of terahertz superconducting hot electron bolometer mixers. Int J Terahertz Sci Technol. 2008;1(1):37–41.
Abstract: A quasi-optical superconducting niobium nitride (NbN) hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer has been fabricated and measured in the terahertz (THz) frequency range of 0.5~2.52 THz. A receiver noise temperature of 2000 K at 2.52 THz has been obtained for the mixer without corrections. Also, the effect of a Parylene C anti-reflection (AR) coating on the silicon (Si) lens has been studied.
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Pentin IV, Smirnov AV, Ryabchun SA, Gol’tsman GN, Vaks VL, Pripolzin SI, et al. Heterodyne source of THz range based on semiconductor superlattice multiplier. In: IRMMW-THz.; 2011. p. 1–2.
Abstract: We present the results of our studies of the possibility of developing a heterodyne receiver incorporating a hot-electron bolometer mixer as the detector and a semiconductor superlattice multiplier driven by a reference synthesizer as the local oscillator. We observe that such a local oscillator offers enough power in the terahertz range to pump the HEB into the operating state.
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Hajenius M, Baselmans JJA, Baryshev A, Gao JR, Klapwijk TM, Kooi JW, et al. Full characterization and analysis of a terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a NbN hot electron bolometer. J. Appl. Phys.. 2006;100(7):074507.
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Gousev YP, Gol'tsman GN, Semenov AD, Gershenzon EM, Nebosis RS, Heusinger MA, et al. Broadband ultrafast superconducting NbN detector for electromagnetic radiation. J Appl Phys. 1994;75(7):3695–7.
Abstract: An ultrafast detector that is sensitive to radiation in a broad spectral range from submillimeter waves to visible light is reported. It consists of a structured NbN thin film cooled to a temperature below Tc (∼11 K). Using 20 ps pulses of a GaAs laser, we observed signal pulses with both rise and decay time of about 50 ps. From the analysis of a mixing experiment with submillimeter radiation we estimate an intrinsic response time of the detector of ∼12 ps. The sensitivity was found to be similar for the near‐infrared and submillimeter radiation. Broadband sensitivity and short response time are attributed to a quasiparticle heating effect.
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