Hong K, Marsh PF, Geok-Ing Ng, Pavlidis D, Hong C-H. Optimization of MOVPE grown InxAl1-xAs/In0.53Ga0.47As planar heteroepitaxial Schottky diodes for terahertz applications. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices. 1994;41(9):1489–97.
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Hesler JL, Hall WR, Crowe TW, Weikle RM, Bradley RF, Pan S-K. Submm wavelenght waveguide mixers using planar Schottky barier diods. In: Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 1996. 462.
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Kawamura J, Blundell R, Tong C-YE, Gol'tsman G, Gershenzon E, Voronov B, et al. Phonon-cooled NbN HEB mixers for submillimeter wavelengths. In: Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 1997. p. 23–8.
Abstract: The noise performance of receivers incorporating NbN phonon-cooled superconducting hot electron bolometric mixers is measured from 200 GHz to 900 GHz. The mixer elements are thin-film (thickness — 4 nm) NbN with —5 to 40 pm area fabricated on crystalline quartz sub- strates. The receiver noise temperature from 200 GHz to 900 GHz demonstrates no unexpected degradation with increasing frequency, being roughly TRx ,; 1-2 K The best receiver noise temperatures are 410 K (DSB) at 430 GHz, 483 K at 636 GHz, and 1150 K at 800 GHz.
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Kerr AR, Feldman MJ, Pan S-K. Receiver noise temperature, the quantum noise limit, and zero–point fluctuations. In: Proc. 8th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol.; 1997. p. 101–11.
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Kawamura JH, Tong C-YE, Blundell R, Cosmo Papa D, Hunter TR, Gol'tsman G, et al. An 800 GHz NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer receiver. IEEE Trans Appl Supercond. 1999;9(2):3753–6.
Abstract: We describe a heterodyne receiver developed for astronomical applications to operate in the 350 /spl mu/m atmospheric window. The waveguide receiver employs a superconductive NbN phonon-cooled hot-electron bolometer mixer. The double sideband receiver noise temperature closely follows 1 kGHz/sup -1/ across 780-870 GHz, with the intermediate frequency centered at 1.4 GHz. The conversion loss is about 15 dB. The receiver was installed for operation at the University of Arizona/Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy Submillimeter Telescope facility. The instrument was successfully used to conduct test observations of a number of celestial sources in a number of astronomically important spectral lines.
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