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Heeres RW, Dorenbos SN, Koene B, Solomon GS, Kouwenhoven LP, Zwiller V. On-Chip Single Plasmon Detection. Nano Lett. 2010;10:661–4.
Abstract: Surface plasmon polaritons (plasmons) have the potential to interface electronic and optical devices. They could prove extremely useful for integrated quantum information processing. Here we demonstrate on-chip electrical detection of single plasmons propagating along gold waveguides. The plasmons are excited using the single-photon emission of an optically emitting quantum dot. After propagating for several micrometers, the plasmons are coupled to a superconducting detector in the near-field. Correlation measurements prove that single plasmons are being detected.
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Xiaolong Hu, Holzwarth CW, Masciarelli D, Dauler EA, Berggren KK. Efficiently coupling light to superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.. 2009;19(3):336–40.
Abstract: We designed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with silver optical antennae for free-space coupling and a dielectric waveguide for fiber coupling. According to our finite-element simulation, (1) for the free-space coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TM-polarized photons at the wavelength of 1550 nm can be as high as 96% by adding silver optical antennae; (2) for the fiber coupling, the absorptance of the NbN nanowire for TE-like-polarized photons can reach 76% including coupling efficiency at the wavelength of 1550 nm by adding a silicon nitride waveguide and an inverse-taper coupler.
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Alda J, Rico-García JM, López-Alonso JM, Boreman G. Optical antennas for nano-photonic applications. Nanotech. 2005;16(5):S230–S234.
Abstract: Antenna-coupled optical detectors, also named optical antennas, are being developed and proposed as alternative detection devices for the millimetre, infrared, and visible spectra. Optical and infrared antennas represent a class of optical components that couple electromagnetic radiation in the visible and infrared wavelengths in the same way as radioelectric antennas do at the corresponding wavelengths. The size of optical antennas is in the range of the detected wavelength and they involve fabrication techniques with nanoscale spatial resolution. Optical antennas have already proved and potential advantages in the detection of light showing polarization dependence, tuneability, and rapid time response. They also can be considered as point detectors and directionally sensitive elements. So far, these detectors have been thoroughly tested in the mid-infrared with some positive results in the visible. The measurement and characterization of optical antennas requires the use of an experimental set-up with nanometric resolution. On the other hand, a computation simulation of the interaction between the material structures and the incoming electromagnetic radiation is needed to explore alternative designs of practical devices.
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Boreman GD. A Users guide to IR detectors. In: Proc. SPIE. Vol 4420.; 2001. p. 79–90.
Abstract: This paper will guide the first-time user toward proper selection and use of IR detectors for applications in industrial inspection, process control, and laser measurements.
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Brown ER, Lee AWM, Navi BS, Bjarnason JE. Characterization of a planar self-complementary square-spiral antenna in the THz region. Microwave Opt Technol Lett. 2006;48(3):524–9.
Abstract: This paper describes a compact, self-complementary square-spiral antenna on a GaAs substrate with a broadside high-directivity (~9 dB) frequency-independent pattern when coupled through a silicon hyperhemisphere. The driving-point resistance undulates between ~00 and 300Ω from 200 GHz to 1 THz—much higher than the 72Ω value from Booker's modified formula, but quite beneficial for coupling to high-impedance broadband devices
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