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Karasik BS, Elantiev AI. Noise temperature limit of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer. Appl Phys Lett. 1996;68(6):853–5.
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Karasik BS, Il'in KS, Pechen EV, Krasnosvobodtsev SI. Diffusion cooling mechanism in a hot-electron NbC microbolometer mixer. Appl Phys Lett. 1996;68(16):2285–7.
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Gershenson ME, Gong D, Sato T, Karasik BS, Sergeev AV. Millisecond electron-phonon relaxation in ultrathin disordered metal films at millikelvin temperatures. Appl. Phys. Lett.. 2001;79:2049–51.
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Burke PJ, Schoelkopf RJ, Prober DE, Skalare A, Karasik BS, Gaidis MC, et al. Mixing and noise in diffusion and phonon cooled superconducting hot-electron bolometers. J. Appl. Phys.. 1999;85(3):1644–53.
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Burke PJ, Schoelkopf RJ, Prober DE, Skalare A, Karasik BS, Gaidis MC, et al. Spectrum of thermal fluctuation noise in diffusion and phonon cooled hot-electron mixers. Appl Phys Lett. 1998;72(12):1516–8.
Abstract: A systematic study of the intermediate frequency noise bandwidth of Nb thin-film superconducting hot-electron bolometers is presented. We have measured the spectrum of the output noise as well as the conversion efficiency over a very broad intermediate frequency range (from 0.1 to 7.5 GHz) for devices varying in length from 0.08 μm to 3 μm. Local oscillator and rf signals from 8 to 40 GHz were used. For a device of a given length, the spectrum of the output noise and the conversion efficiency behave similarly for intermediate frequencies less than the gain bandwidth, in accordance with a simple thermal model for both the mixing and thermal fluctuation noise. For higher intermediate frequencies the conversion efficiency decreases; in contrast, the noise decreases but has a second contribution which dominates at higher frequency. The noise bandwidth is larger than the gain bandwidth, and the mixer noise is low, between 120 and 530 K (double side band).
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