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Bremer JW, Newhouse VL. Phys. Rev. Lett.. 1958;1:282.
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Anthore A, Pothier H, Esteve D. Density of states in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent. Phys Rev Lett. 2003;90(12):127001 (1 to 4).
Abstract: We have measured the tunneling density of states (DOS) in a superconductor carrying a supercurrent or exposed to an external magnetic field. The pair correlations are weakened by the supercurrent, leading to a modification of the DOS and to a reduction of the gap. As predicted by the theory of superconductivity in diffusive metals, we find that this effect is similar to that of an external magnetic field.
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Pothier H, Guéron S, Birge NO, Esteve D, Devoret MH. Energy distribution function of quasiparticles in mesoscopic wires. Phys. Rev. Lett.. 1997;79(18):3490–3.
Abstract: We have measured with a tunnel probe the energy distribution function of Landau quasiparticles in metallic diffusive wires connected to two reservoir electrodes, with an applied bias voltage. The distribution function in the middle of a 1.5-μm-long wire resembles the half sum of the Fermi distributions of the reservoirs. The distribution functions in 5-μm-long wires are more rounded, due to interactions between quasiparticles during the longer diffusion time across the wire. From the scaling of the data with the bias voltage, we find that the scattering rate between two quasiparticles varies as <c9><203a>–2, where <c9><203a> is the energy transferred.
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Usadel KD. Generalized diffusion equation for superconducting alloys. Phys Rev Lett. 1970;25(8):507.
Abstract: Eilenberger's transportlike equations for a superconductor of type II can be simplified very much in the dirty limit. In this limit a diffusionlike equation is derived which is the generalization of the de Gennes-Maki theory for dirty superconductors to arbitrary values of the order parameter.
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Rothwarf A, Taylor BN. Measurement of recombination lifetimes in superconductors. Phys. Rev. Lett.. 1967;19(1):27–30.
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