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Kovalyuk V, Ferrari S, Kahl O, Semenov A, Shcherbatenko M, Lobanov Y, et al. On-chip coherent detection with quantum limited sensitivity. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):4812.
Abstract: While single photon detectors provide superior intensity sensitivity, spectral resolution is usually lost after the detection event. Yet for applications in low signal infrared spectroscopy recovering information about the photon's frequency contributions is essential. Here we use highly efficient waveguide integrated superconducting single-photon detectors for on-chip coherent detection. In a single nanophotonic device, we demonstrate both single-photon counting with up to 86% on-chip detection efficiency, as well as heterodyne coherent detection with spectral resolution f/f exceeding 10(11). By mixing a local oscillator with the single photon signal field, we observe frequency modulation at the intermediate frequency with ultra-low local oscillator power in the femto-Watt range. By optimizing the nanowire geometry and the working parameters of the detection scheme, we reach quantum-limited sensitivity. Our approach enables to realize matrix integrated heterodyne nanophotonic devices in the C-band wavelength range, for classical and quantum optics applications where single-photon counting as well as high spectral resolution are required simultaneously.
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Hübers HW, Pavlov SG, Semenov AD, Tredicucci A, Köhler R, Mahler L, et al. Investigation of a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator. In: Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Göteborg, Sweden; 2005. 18.
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Mair U, Suttywong N, Hübers H-W, Semenov AD, Richter H, Wagner G, et al. Development of 1.8 THz receiver for the TELIS instrument. In: Proc. 16th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Göteborg, Sweden; 2005.
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Nebosis RS, Semenov AD, Gousev YP, Renk KF. Rigorous analysis of a superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixer: theory and comparision with experiment. In: Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; 1996. p. 601–13.
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Huebers H-W, Pavlov S, Semenov A, Köhler R, Mahler L, Tredicucci A, et al. Terahertz quantum cascade laser as local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. Optics Express. 2005;13(15):5890–6.
Abstract: Terahertz quantum cascade lasers have been investigated with respect to their performance as a local oscillator in a heterodyne receiver. The beam profile has been measured and transformed in to a close to Gaussian profile resulting in a good matching between the field patterns of the quantum cascade laser and the antenna of a superconducting hot electron bolometric mixer. Noise temperature measurements with the hot electron bolometer and a 2.5 THz quantum cascade laser yielded the same result as with a gas laser as local oscillator.
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