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Yates, S. J. C.; Baryshev, A. M.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Klein, B.; Güsten, R. |
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Fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout for large arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Applied Physics Letters |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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95 |
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4 |
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3 |
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Microwave kinetic inductance detectors have great potential for large, very sensitive detector arrays for use in, for example, submillimeter imaging. Being intrinsically readout in the frequency domain, they are particularly suited for frequency domain multiplexing allowing ~1000 s of devices to be readout with one pair of coaxial cables. However, this moves the complexity of the detector from the cryogenics to the warm electronics. We present here the concept and experimental demonstration of the use of fast Fourier transform spectrometer readout, showing no deterioration of the noise performance compared to the low noise analog mixing while allowing high multiplexing ratios. |
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RPLAB @ gujma @ |
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697 |
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Gao, J. R.; Hovenier, J. N.; Yang, Z. Q.; Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Hajenius, M.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Adam, A. J. L.; Klaassen, T. O.; Williams, B. S.; Kumar, S.; Hu, Q.; Reno, J. L. |
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Title |
Terahertz heterodyne receiver based on a quantum cascade laser and a superconducting bolometer |
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Journal Article |
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2005 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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86 |
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244104 (1 to 3) |
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HEB, QCL |
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We report the first demonstration of an all solid-stateheterodyne receiver that can be used for high-resolution spectroscopy above 2THz suitable for space-based observatories. The receiver uses a NbN superconducting hot-electron bolometer as mixer and a quantum cascade laser operating at 2.8THz as local oscillator. We measure a double sideband receiver noise temperature of 1400K at 2.8THz and 4.2K, and find that the free-running QCL has sufficient power stability for a practical receiver, demonstrating an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and stability. |
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905 |
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Klapwijk, T. M.; Barends, R.; Gao, J. R.; Hajenius, M.; Baselmans, J. J. A. |
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Title |
Improved superconducting hot-electron bolometer devices for the THz range |
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Conference Article |
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2004 |
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Proc. SPIE |
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Proc. SPIE |
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5498 |
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129-139 |
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HEB mixer distributed model, numerical model |
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Improved and reproducible heterodyne mixing (noise temperatures of 950 K at 2.5 THz) has been realized with NbN based hot-electron superconducting devices with low contact resistances. A distributed temperature numerical model of the NbN bridge, based on a local electron and a phonon temperature, has been used to understand the physical conditions during the mixing process. We find that the mixing is predominantly due to the exponential rise of the local resistivity as a function of electron temperature. |
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Invited talk, Recommended by Klapwijk |
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912 |
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Bueno, J.; Coumou, P. C. J. J.; Zheng, G.; de Visser, P. J.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Driessen, E. F. C.; Doyle, S.; Baselmans, J. J. A |
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Title |
Anomalous response of superconducting titanium nitride resonators to terahertz radiation |
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2014 |
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Appl. Phys. Lett. |
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105 |
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192601 (1 to 5) |
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KID, TiN, NEP, disordered superconductors, inhomogeneous state |
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We present an experimental study of kinetic inductance detectors (KIDs) fabricated of atomic layer deposited TiN films and characterized at radiation frequencies of 350 GHz. The responsivity to radiation is measured and found to increase with the increase in radiation powers, opposite to what is expected from theory and observed for hybrid niobium titanium nitride/aluminium (NbTiN/Al) and all-aluminium (all-Al) KIDs. The noise is found to be independent of the level of the radiation power. The noise equivalent power improves with higher radiation powers, also opposite to what is observed and well understood for hybrid NbTiN/Al and all-Al KIDs. We suggest that an inhomogeneous state of these disordered superconductors should be used to explain these observations. |
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1068 |
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Baselmans, J. J. A.; Baryshev, A.; Reker, S. F.; Hajenius, M.; Gao, J. R.; Klapwijk, T. M.; Voronov, B.; Gol’tsman, G. |
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Title |
Influence of the direct response on the heterodyne sensitivity of hot electron bolometer mixers |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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J. Appl. Phys. |
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100 |
Issue |
8 |
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084510 (1 to 7) |
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NbN HEB mixers |
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We present a detailed experimental study of the direct detection effect in a small volume (0.15μm×1μm×3.5nm) quasioptical NbN phonon cooled hot electron bolometer mixer at 673GHz. We find that the small signal noise temperature, relevant for an astronomical observation, is 20% lower than the noise temperature obtained using 300 and 77K calibration loads. In a separate set of experiments we show that the direct detection effect is caused by a combination of bias current reduction when switching from the 77 to the 300K
load in combination with the bias current dependence of the receiver gain. The bias current dependence of the receiver gain is shown to be mainly caused by the current dependence of the mixer gain. |
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0021-8979 |
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1442 |
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