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Semenov A, Il'yin K, Siegel M, Smirnov A, Pavlov S, Richter H, et al. Intermediate frequency bandwidth of a hot-electron mixer: Comparision with bolometric models. In: Proc. 17th Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol. Paris, France; 2006. p. 73–6.
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Maezawa H. Application of superconducting hot-electron bolometer mixers for terahertz-band astronomy. IEICE Trans. Electronics. 2015;98(3):196–206.
Abstract: Recently, a next-generation heterodyne mixer detector – a hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixer employing a superconducting microbridge – has gradually opened up terahertz-band astronomy. The surrounding state-of-the-art technologies including fabrication processes, 4 K cryostats, cryogenic low-noise amplifiers, local oscillator sources, micromachining techniques, and spectrometers, as well as the HEB mixers, have played a valuable role in the development of super-low-noise heterodyne spectroscopy systems for the terahertz band. The current developmental status of terahertz-band HEB mixer receivers and their applications for spectroscopy and astronomy with ground-based, airborne, and satellite telescopes are presented.
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Tretyakov IV, Ryabchun SA, Maslennikov SN, Finkel MI, Kaurova NS, Seleznev VA, et al. NbN HEB mixer: fabrication, noise temperature reduction and characterization. In: Proc. Basic problems of superconductivity. Moscow-Zvenigorod; 2008.
Abstract: We demonstrate that in the terahertz region superconducting hot-electron mixers offer the lowest noise temperature, opening the possibility of using HTS's in the future to fabricate these devices. Specifically, a noise temperature of 950 K was measured for the receiver operating at 2.5 THz with a NbN HEB mixer, and a gain bandwidth of 6 GHz was measured at 300 GHz near Tc for the same mixer.
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Финкель МИ. Терагерцовые смесители на эффекте электронного разогрева в ультратонких плёнках NbN и NbTiN [Ph.D. thesis].; 2006.
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Рябчун СА. Широкополосные высокостабильные терагерцовые смесители на горячих электронах из тонких сверхпроводниковых пленок NbN [Ph.D. thesis].; 2009.
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